本文選題：油氣管道　切入點(diǎn)：頂管施工　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,伴隨著人們對石油與天然氣需求量的增加,油氣管道的建設(shè)也在逐年增加。油氣長輸管線的建設(shè)距離較長,途經(jīng)地形復(fù)雜多變,不可避免的要通過鐵路、公路、河流等障礙物,而穿越和跨越施工可解決這一難題。頂管施工作為一種地下穿越施工方法,由于其施工精度高,使用土質(zhì)廣,使用管徑范圍大,綜合成本低,環(huán)境污染小,能穿越江河、公路、鐵路、機(jī)場跑道、建筑物或障礙物等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被廣泛應(yīng)用于油氣管道穿越施工中。但頂管施工是地下隱蔽性工程,地下障礙狀況比較復(fù)雜,影響安全施工的因素比地上施工要多,發(fā)生安全事故的可能性比地上施工要高,因此,研究出一套適用于油氣管道頂管穿越河流施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)技術(shù)是本文的宗旨。 為了貼近客觀實(shí)際地評價(jià)油氣管道頂管穿越河流施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn),本文提出了基于組合賦權(quán)屬性識(shí)別模型的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)方法。根據(jù)油氣管道頂管施工階段的特點(diǎn),將頂管施工劃分為8個(gè)階段進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià),以達(dá)到邊施工邊進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)的目的。首先采用故障樹辨識(shí)技術(shù)對8個(gè)施工階段進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素辨識(shí),并建立故障樹,從而辨識(shí)出了各施工階段主控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,并建立了各施工階段失效可能性指標(biāo)體系；其次建立屬性空間矩陣并進(jìn)行有序分割,其中為克服單一賦權(quán)法的缺點(diǎn),采用客觀賦權(quán)的熵權(quán)法和主觀賦權(quán)的G1法并建立組合賦權(quán)模型確定評價(jià)指標(biāo)權(quán)重和屬性測度,利用置信度準(zhǔn)則對各施工階段類別進(jìn)行識(shí)別,得到各施工階段失效可能性等級(jí),根據(jù)人員傷亡、施工工期、施工成本三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)定性地評價(jià)各施工階段失效后果。最終,依據(jù)失效可能性等級(jí)和失效后果等級(jí)建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)矩陣,得到各施工階段風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)。 同時(shí),為了降低頂管施工各施工階段風(fēng)險(xiǎn),本文對頂管施工風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方法進(jìn)行了初步研究。首先針對整個(gè)頂管施工提出了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制的方法,然后針對頂管施工中存在中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的階段從具體風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素入手提出了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)緩解措施建議,從而使頂管施工階段滿足風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可接受準(zhǔn)則,確保施工的安全進(jìn)行。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing demand for oil and gas, the construction of oil and gas pipelines is increasing year by year. As a kind of underground crossing construction method, pipe jacking construction can solve this problem because of its high construction precision, wide use of soil, wide range of pipe diameter, low comprehensive cost and low environmental pollution. Being able to cross rivers, highways, railways, airports, runways, buildings or obstacles, it is widely used in oil and gas pipeline crossing construction. There are more factors affecting safety construction than above ground construction, and the possibility of occurrence of safety accident is higher than that of above ground construction. Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to develop a set of risk assessment technology suitable for pipeline jacking across rivers. In order to evaluate the construction risk of pipeline jacking through river, a risk evaluation method based on combined weight attribute identification model is proposed in this paper, according to the characteristics of pipeline jacking construction stage. The pipe jacking construction is divided into 8 stages for risk evaluation, so as to achieve the purpose of risk evaluation while construction. Firstly, the fault tree identification technique is used to identify the risk factors in the eight construction stages, and the fault tree is established. In order to overcome the shortcoming of single weighting method, the main control risk factors of each construction stage are identified, and the failure possibility index system of each construction stage is established. Secondly, the attribute space matrix is established and sequentially divided, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the single weighting method, the main risk factors are identified. The entropy weight method of objective weight and G1 method of subjective weight are adopted, and the combined weight model is established to determine the evaluation index weight and attribute measure, and the confidence degree criterion is used to identify the categories of each construction stage, and the failure probability level of each construction stage is obtained. According to the three indexes of casualties, construction duration and construction cost, the failure consequences of each construction stage are evaluated qualitatively. Finally, the risk matrix is established according to the failure possibility level and the failure consequence grade, and the risk grade of each construction stage is obtained. At the same time, in order to reduce the risk in each stage of pipe jacking construction, the risk control method of pipe jacking construction is studied in this paper. Firstly, the risk control method is put forward for the whole pipe jacking construction. Then, aiming at the stage of middle risk and high risk in pipe jacking construction, the risk mitigation measures are put forward from the concrete risk factors, so as to make the pipe jacking stage meet the acceptable risk criterion and ensure the safety of construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE973.4

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