本文選題：控制系統(tǒng)　切入點：改造　出處：《蘭州理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在石油化工裝置的生產過程中,自動化程度越來越高,過程控制系統(tǒng)的作用也越來越重要。儀表是工藝操作的“眼睛”,而自動控制系統(tǒng)就是“大腦”。由于生產過程趨于復雜,原料和工藝介質不斷變化,在要滿足企業(yè)低成本、高質量的追求,又要保障裝置規(guī)模以及設備、人身、環(huán)境的安全情況下,配置合理的過程控制系統(tǒng)以及安全系統(tǒng)顯得尤為必要和重要。因此,中國石油蘭州石化連續(xù)重整裝置在升級改造的過程中,迫切需要改善系統(tǒng)的安全功能和穩(wěn)定性能,以保證人員安全的最佳可靠性、生產設備的壽命、環(huán)境保護、有關利潤和持續(xù)性的可應用性。針對此問題,在充分調研連續(xù)重整裝置工藝流程、控制系統(tǒng)運行狀態(tài)和儀表常見故障的基礎上,結合邏輯控制器的模塊化、靈活型、快速響應及通信技術,設計了一套基于PLC的機組ITCC和裝置ESD的綜合系統(tǒng),來實現(xiàn)機組控制和緊急停車。設計采用當前先進的TMR(三重化冗余)微處理器硬件技術,利用功能強大的專用編程軟件,在原有機組ITCC系統(tǒng)的基礎上構建冗余容錯的控制系統(tǒng),不影響生產裝置或設備正常運行的同時去修復系統(tǒng)潛在故障,來提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。通過硬件改造和軟件版本的升級,提升系統(tǒng)的控制精度和可擴展能力。通過狀態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的改造,優(yōu)化控制網絡。新型轉速卡的采用,減少了硬件連接的故障點,提高了響應速度。溫度誤判邏輯的實現(xiàn),降低了因機組軸承溫度測量原件受潤滑油沖刷、磨損的故障停車概率;聯(lián)鎖旁路的軟設計和操作權限,避免了設備的老化和人為誤操作。SOE(第一事件記錄)系統(tǒng)的投用,有助于對停車首要故障進行跟蹤和分析。整個綜合系統(tǒng)的設計和改造,以實用、可靠、安全為首要目標,經施工、調試投入運行后,將大大提高裝置的安全性和控制系統(tǒng)的高可用性和高維護性,減少誤停車,從而保障裝置的長周期運行。通過對現(xiàn)場儀表設備的排查和聯(lián)鎖邏輯的分析,結合當前在用控制系統(tǒng)的特性,綜合考慮實用性和性價比,選用北京康吉森自動化設備技術有限公司的TRICON硬件及TRISTATION 1131軟件平臺,配置相應的工程師站和操作站,構建ITCC和ESD的綜合控制系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)硬件的主處理器和I/O模件完全三重化,沒有單點故障會造成系統(tǒng)失效。I/O模件上每一個通道中的采樣器、信號放大器、A/D轉換器(D/A轉換器)、通訊單元全部獨立,32位芯片保證了系統(tǒng)的快速運行。高度的系統(tǒng)診斷覆蓋率,診斷功能皆為系統(tǒng)內置,不需編寫應用程序。各卡件可在線更換。TRISTATION 1131軟件開發(fā)平臺,能夠提供給用戶多種編程語言,并具有在線修改程序和在線下裝功能,較大的方便了用戶。所有卡件,軟件及浮點協(xié)處理器經過TUV六級認證,整套系統(tǒng)工作性能穩(wěn)定,完全能夠滿足連續(xù)重整裝置長時間安全穩(wěn)定運行的需要。
[Abstract]:In the production process of petrochemical plant, the degree of automation becomes higher and higher, and the function of process control system becomes more and more important. The instrument is the "eye" of the process operation, and the automatic control system is the "brain". Raw materials and process media are constantly changing, in order to meet the enterprise's low cost, high quality pursuit, but also to ensure the size of the device and equipment, human, environmental safety conditions, It is necessary and important to configure reasonable process control system and safety system. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the safety function and stability performance of the system in the process of upgrading and reforming of PetroChina Lanzhou Petrochemical continuous reforming Unit. In order to ensure the best reliability of personnel safety, the life of production equipment, environmental protection, related profits and sustainability of the application. In view of this problem, in full investigation of the continuous reforming plant process, On the basis of the operation state of the control system and the common faults of the instrument, combined with the modularization, flexibility, fast response and communication technology of the logic controller, a comprehensive system of the unit ITCC and the device ESD based on PLC is designed. The design adopts the current advanced TMR (triple redundancy) microprocessor hardware technology, uses the powerful special programming software, constructs the redundant fault-tolerant control system on the basis of the original unit ITCC system. To improve the stability and reliability of the system by repairing the potential faults of the system while not affecting the normal operation of the production device or equipment. Improve the control precision and expandability of the system. Through the transformation of the condition monitoring system, optimize the control network. The adoption of the new speed card reduces the fault point of the hardware connection, improves the response speed, and realizes the logic of temperature misjudgment. The failure stopping probability of wear and tear due to the original bearing temperature measurement of the unit is reduced, the soft design and operation authority of the interlocking bypass are reduced, and the aging of the equipment and the operation of the .SOE (first event record) system are avoided. It is helpful to track and analyze the main fault of parking. The design and transformation of the whole integrated system is aimed at practicality, reliability and safety. After construction and commissioning, the system is put into operation. The safety of the device and the high availability and maintainability of the control system will be greatly improved, and the false stop will be reduced, thus ensuring the long period operation of the device. According to the characteristics of the current active control system and considering the practicability and the ratio of performance to price, the TRICON hardware and TRISTATION 1131 software platform of Beijing Congison Automation equipment Technology Co., Ltd are selected to configure the corresponding engineer station and operation station. The main processor and I / O module of the hardware of the system are completely trimmed, and no single point failure will cause the system to fail. The sampler in every channel on the I / O module. The A / D converter has a D / A converter, and all the communication units are independent 32-bit chips to ensure the rapid operation of the system. The high diagnostic coverage of the system and the diagnostic function are all built into the system. There is no need to write an application program. Each card can be replaced on line. TRISTATION 1131 software development platform, can provide users with a variety of programming languages, and has online program modification and online download function, more convenient for the user. All cards, The software and floating-point coprocessor are certified by TUV and the whole system is stable and can meet the need of the continuous reforming unit running safely and stably for a long time.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE96;TP273

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