本文選題：長輸管道　切入點：可控速清管器　出處：《西華大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：管道是石油天然氣最安全、高效的輸送工具,但由于腐蝕、自然災(zāi)害以及人為破壞等原因經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)管道泄漏,繼而引發(fā)火災(zāi)、爆炸等事故。通過清管器攜帶漏磁傳感器、超聲波傳感器等定期對長輸管道進(jìn)行檢測,有助于及時排除安全隱患,降低管道事故發(fā)生率。清管器利用管道內(nèi)流體在其前后形成的壓差實現(xiàn)驅(qū)動,這種被動驅(qū)動方式導(dǎo)致清管器運行速度難以控制在預(yù)設(shè)的速度范圍內(nèi),降低了檢測數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性,并可能造成管道和檢測器自身損壞。為解決清管器速度難以控制的問題,本文開展了一種能實現(xiàn)速度可控的可控速清管器研究,主要工作包括可控速清管器的總體方案設(shè)計,調(diào)速系統(tǒng)、驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)等關(guān)鍵零部件的設(shè)計與研究以及樣機試制與測試等,具體體現(xiàn)在如下幾個方面:(1)廣泛查閱、檢索國內(nèi)外相關(guān)資料,深入調(diào)研可控速清管器運用現(xiàn)狀及其關(guān)鍵零部件研究現(xiàn)狀,在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)目前管道檢測存在的問題及現(xiàn)有可控速清管器研究的不足,提出了本文研究主要研究內(nèi)容和天然氣長輸管道可控速清管器設(shè)計與研究路線。(2)闡述了可控速清管器的結(jié)構(gòu)組成、工作原理以及調(diào)速機理,完成了可控速清管器的總體方案設(shè)計,并結(jié)合彎道通過性、調(diào)速性能開展了可控速清管器總體尺寸設(shè)計和總體布局設(shè)計。(3)研究了可控速清管器的調(diào)速性能,并完成了調(diào)速裝置設(shè)計�；贔luent開展了可控速清管器在旁通閥不同開度時的阻力系數(shù)研究,建立了可控速清管器在流場中的阻力系數(shù)擬合方程,通過可控速清管器的阻力系數(shù)研究了清管器的調(diào)速性能,在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了可控速清管器旁通閥的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。(4)開展了可控速清管器皮碗的力學(xué)性能試驗研究,并完成了可控速清管器皮碗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。首先,以皮碗材料聚氨酯的力學(xué)性能試驗為基礎(chǔ)建立聚氨酯材料的本構(gòu)方程,其次,應(yīng)用非線性有限元分析軟件ABAQUS開展了可控速清管器皮碗的力學(xué)行為模擬,探究了皮碗結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對皮碗與管壁間的摩擦力、接觸壓力的影響規(guī)律。最后,提出可控速清管器皮碗設(shè)計方法及其流程,并完成了適用于DN800管道的可控速清管器皮碗設(shè)計。(5)開展了可控速清管器樣機試制與測試。結(jié)合可控速清管器的速度控制原理,設(shè)計了可以提高可控速清管器速度穩(wěn)定性、降低清管器耗電量的控制方法,并完成控制系統(tǒng)硬件開發(fā);根據(jù)可控速清管器總體設(shè)計、關(guān)鍵零部件設(shè)計,完成了可控速清管器樣機試制與測試,測試結(jié)果表明所測試的性能指標(biāo)能夠達(dá)到設(shè)計要求。
[Abstract]:Pipeline is the safest and most efficient transportation tool for oil and natural gas. However, due to corrosion, natural disasters and man-made damage, pipeline leakage often occurs, which leads to accidents such as fire and explosion. Ultrasonic sensors regularly detect long distance pipelines, which helps to eliminate hidden safety problems in time and reduce the incidence of pipeline accidents. The pipe cleaner uses the pressure difference formed before and after the fluid in the pipeline to realize the drive. This kind of passive driving mode makes it difficult to control the running speed of the pipe-cleaner within the preset speed range, reduces the reliability of the test data, and may cause damage to the pipeline and the detector itself. In order to solve the problem that the speed of the pipe-cleaner is difficult to control, In this paper, a kind of controllable speed cleaner is studied. The main work includes the design of the overall scheme, the design and research of the key parts, such as speed regulation system, drive system, prototype trial manufacture and test, etc. Specifically reflected in the following aspects: 1) extensive reference, retrieval of relevant information at home and abroad, in-depth investigation and research on the current situation of the use of controllable speed-cleaner and the research status of key components, and on this basis, According to the problems existing in the pipeline inspection and the deficiency of the existing research on the controllable speed-cleaning device, The main research contents of this paper and the design and research route of the controlled quick cleaner for long distance natural gas pipeline are put forward. The structure, working principle and speed regulation mechanism of the controlled quick cleaner are expounded. The overall scheme design of the controllable speedpipe cleaner is completed, and the overall dimension design and the overall layout design of the controllable quick scavenger are carried out in combination with the performance of the curve pass and the speed-regulating performance of the controllable quick scavenger is studied. Based on Fluent, the resistance coefficient of the controllable speed cleaner under different opening of bypass valve is studied, and the fitting equation of the resistance coefficient of the controlled speed cleaner in the flow field is established. Through the resistance coefficient of the controllable speed cleaner, the speed-regulating performance of the pipe cleaner is studied, and on this basis, the structure design of the bypass valve of the controlled speed cleaner is completed. The structure design of the leather bowl of the controllable quick cleaning device was completed. Firstly, the constitutive equation of the polyurethane material was established based on the mechanical property test of the leather bowl material, and then the constitutive equation of the polyurethane material was established. The nonlinear finite element analysis software ABAQUS was used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the bowls of the controllable quick tube cleaner. The influence of the structural parameters of the cup on the friction force and contact pressure between the cup and the pipe wall was investigated. Finally, the influence of the structure parameters on the friction force and the contact pressure between the cup and the tube wall was investigated. This paper puts forward the design method and flow chart of the skin bowl of the controllable quick cleaner, and completes the design of the skin bowl of the controlled quick cleaner for DN800 pipeline. The prototype of the controlled quick cleaner is developed and tested. The principle of speed control of the controlled quick cleaner is combined with the principle of speed control. The paper designs a control method that can improve the speed stability and reduce the power consumption of the controlled quick cleaner, and completes the hardware development of the control system, according to the overall design of the controllable quick cleaner, the key parts design, The test results show that the performance index can meet the design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE973.8

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