發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-14 10:38

  本文選題：復(fù)雜裂縫　切入點(diǎn)：導(dǎo)流能力　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海相碳酸鹽巖儲層是全球油氣資源儲層的重要組成部分,其資源量約占全球油氣資源總量的70%,探明油氣可采儲量約占50%。近年來,在四川盆地川中地區(qū)震旦系燈影組四段碳酸鹽巖儲層也取得了巨大的油氣資源勘探發(fā)現(xiàn)。酸化壓裂是碳酸鹽巖油氣藏增產(chǎn)和穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的重要手段。但四川盆地川中地區(qū)震旦系燈四段碳酸鹽巖儲層表現(xiàn)出深層高溫、巖性以白云巖為主、天然裂縫發(fā)育等特征,同時(shí)儲層閉合壓力高、酸液對裂縫壁面的非均勻刻蝕程度較差,如何評價(jià)酸壓后的裂縫狀態(tài)及酸壓后不同支撐狀態(tài)下的導(dǎo)流能力是該類儲層酸壓實(shí)現(xiàn)有效增產(chǎn)面臨的難題。本論文從燈影組四段碳酸鹽巖儲層基本特征出發(fā),重點(diǎn)關(guān)注其天然裂縫發(fā)育情況,建立了一套裂縫性碳酸鹽儲層酸壓復(fù)雜裂縫形成可行性實(shí)驗(yàn)表征手段和酸壓復(fù)雜裂縫導(dǎo)流能力測試方法。首先采用CT掃描技術(shù),對巖樣內(nèi)部裂隙系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行三維數(shù)值化重構(gòu),明確了天然裂縫在巖樣中的展布特征,然后針對各個(gè)巖樣中天然裂縫分布特征開展真三軸水力壓裂實(shí)驗(yàn),壓裂后重構(gòu)裂縫系統(tǒng),對比分析了水力裂縫的擴(kuò)展路徑和形態(tài)以及天然裂縫對水力裂縫擴(kuò)展的影響,進(jìn)而分析了其形成復(fù)雜裂縫形態(tài)的可行性。同時(shí),基于燈四段碳酸鹽巖儲層地質(zhì)特征,建立了單井儲層雙重孔隙介質(zhì)模型,研究了不同裂縫長度和導(dǎo)流能力對壓裂井產(chǎn)能的影響,優(yōu)化得到了經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)能下的裂縫導(dǎo)流能力。根據(jù)形成復(fù)雜裂縫可行性及形成的裂縫狀態(tài),以及優(yōu)化得到的裂縫導(dǎo)流能力,開展了自支撐裂縫、酸刻蝕裂縫和酸加砂裂縫等三種裂縫支撐狀態(tài)下不同滑移量、不同閉合壓力、不同酸液濃度、不同支撐劑粒徑和鋪砂濃度條件下的導(dǎo)流能力測試實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。研究表明,高磨地區(qū)燈四段會誘導(dǎo)天然裂縫張開,同時(shí)產(chǎn)生部分剪切滑移裂縫,真三軸大型物模實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示能夠形成一定程度的復(fù)雜裂縫;從數(shù)值模擬和導(dǎo)流能力測試結(jié)果來看,形成的復(fù)雜裂縫系統(tǒng)中自支撐裂縫導(dǎo)流能力有限,酸刻蝕或酸加砂形成的主干裂縫才能滿足產(chǎn)能需求;隨著注酸排量的增加,酸蝕裂縫表面形態(tài)越復(fù)雜,目標(biāo)儲層閉合壓力條件下導(dǎo)流能力越高;對于酸加砂支撐裂縫,導(dǎo)流能力隨著支撐劑鋪置濃度的增加而增加,但支撐劑鋪置濃度過低(2kg/m2),酸加砂裂縫導(dǎo)流能力反而低于酸蝕裂縫導(dǎo)流能力,酸加砂裂縫存在臨界加砂強(qiáng)度;此外,支撐劑粒徑對導(dǎo)流能力的影響并不明顯。建立的裂縫實(shí)驗(yàn)表征手段可為復(fù)雜裂縫形成可行性提供思路,同時(shí)酸壓形成的三級支撐裂縫導(dǎo)流能力測試結(jié)果可為四川盆地碳酸鹽巖油氣藏改造方式提供指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Marine carbonate reservoir is an important part of the global oil and gas resources reservoir, its resources account for about 70 percent of the total oil and gas resources in the world, and the proven recoverable oil and gas reserves account for about 500.In recent years, The carbonate reservoir of the fourth member of the Dengying formation of the Sinian system in Sichuan Basin has also been found in the fourth member of the formation. Acidizing fracturing is an important means of increasing production and stable production of carbonate reservoir. The carbonate reservoir of the fourth member of the Lantern formation of the Sinian system shows deep high temperature. The lithology is dominated by dolomite and the natural fractures are developed. At the same time, the closed pressure of the reservoir is high, and the non-uniform etching degree of acid to the fracture wall is poor. How to evaluate the fracture state after acid fracturing and the flow conductivity under different support states after acid compression is a difficult problem for this kind of reservoir to achieve effective production increase. This paper starts from the basic characteristics of carbonate reservoir in the fourth member of Dengying formation. Focusing on the development of natural fractures, a set of experimental methods for characterizing the feasibility of acid-fracturing complex fractures in fractured carbonate reservoirs and measuring the conductivity of acid-fracturing complex fractures are established. Firstly, CT scanning technique is used. The 3D numerical reconstruction of the internal fracture system of rock samples is carried out, and the distribution characteristics of natural fractures in rock samples are defined. Then the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments are carried out according to the distribution characteristics of natural fractures in each rock sample, and the fracture system is reconstructed after fracturing. The propagation path and morphology of hydraulic fractures and the influence of natural fractures on the propagation of hydraulic fractures are compared and analyzed, and the feasibility of forming complex fracture forms is analyzed. At the same time, based on the geological characteristics of carbonate reservoirs in the fourth member of the lamp formation, The dual pore medium model of single well reservoir is established, and the influence of different fracture length and conductivity on the productivity of fracturing well is studied. According to the feasibility of forming complex fracture and the state of formation of fracture, and the optimized capacity of fracture diversion, the self-supporting fracture is developed. The experimental study on the flow conductivity under the conditions of different slip amount, different closing pressure, different acid concentration, different particle size of proppant and sand spreading concentration under three kinds of fracture supporting states, such as acid etching fracture and acid plus sand fracture, is studied. The four sections of lamp in Gaomo area can induce the natural crack to open, and at the same time produce partial shear slip crack. The true triaxial large-scale physical model experiment shows that the complex crack can be formed to a certain extent, and from the results of numerical simulation and flow conductivity test, The main fracture formed by acid etching or acid sand can meet the demand of productivity only when the flow conductivity of self-supporting fracture is limited in the complex fracture system, and the surface morphology of acid-etching fracture becomes more complex with the increase of acid injection discharge. The higher the conductivity of the target reservoir is under the condition of closed pressure, the higher the conductivity increases with the increase of the concentration of proppant for the acid sand supporting fracture. But when the concentration of proppant is too low, the conductivity of acid sand fracture is lower than that of acid corrosion fracture, and the critical sand adding strength exists in acid sand fracture. The influence of the particle size of proppant on the flow conductivity is not obvious. At the same time, the test results of three-stage supported fracture conductivity formed by acid fracturing can provide guidance for the transformation of carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan Basin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE357.2

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