本文選題：超聲波　切入點：防垢　出處：《長江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前我國油田內(nèi)的管道由于含鹽量較高結(jié)垢嚴(yán)重且難以清除,對油田的安全生產(chǎn)造成極大的影響,因此開展針對油田管道防除垢技術(shù)的研究是非常有必要的。在現(xiàn)有的除垢方法中,主要有化學(xué)除垢和物理除垢兩種。化學(xué)除垢方法因為在介質(zhì)中添加的物質(zhì)可能造成二次污染不符合綠色環(huán)保的要求,所以本文主要研究物理除垢方法即超聲波的除垢的效果及實際應(yīng)用參數(shù)。在油田的各種類型垢中,以鹽類垢最為普遍,影響范圍最大。且超聲波對蠟垢和油垢等含有固態(tài)雜質(zhì)較多的垢的防除效果較差,因此本文的主要研究對象為鹽類垢。管道中的垢來自于注入水和地層水中的難溶和微溶的混合物,超聲波對混合鹽的作用效果無法評價,所以在研究超聲波對不同鹽類的作用影響時主要是針對單一的鹽類垢進行研究。本文分別對碳酸鈣、硫酸鈣、硫酸鋇、硫酸鍶這四種油田常見垢開展了室內(nèi)靜態(tài)結(jié)垢實驗和超聲波防除垢模擬實驗。室內(nèi)靜態(tài)結(jié)垢模擬實驗是指掛片在靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下的結(jié)垢實驗。在實驗中分別對上述四種垢做出8、24、48、72小時的結(jié)垢時間變化和40℃、60℃、80℃不同溫度下的結(jié)垢量的對比,以及在不同掛片材質(zhì)之間的結(jié)垢量的對比,最后重點分析了影響比較大的溫度、管材、以及時間對結(jié)垢速率及結(jié)垢量的影響。超聲波防除垢模擬實驗儀器是在中國石油大學(xué)(華東)許振宇研究的基礎(chǔ)上進行改進的。在實驗中添加了對20 KHz、28KHz、68KHz、120 KHz不同頻率超聲波的研究,通過對超聲波清洗槽底部的換能器更換來實現(xiàn)。在研究超聲波防除垢技術(shù)的實際應(yīng)用時主要研究防除垢儀器的最佳參數(shù)和在最佳參數(shù)的狀態(tài)下對四種單一垢的防除效果。即分別采用不同的換能器,研究超聲波防垢的最佳頻率；通過改變超聲波的作用時間,研究超生波防垢的最佳輻照時間；改變超聲波作用的周期,研究超聲波防垢的最佳周期；最后在使用以上最佳參數(shù)的情況下,對這四種垢做防除實驗。通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)超生波對鹽類垢的防除效果較好,尤其是對硫酸鈣等硫酸鹽垢在40℃時達到80%左右的除垢效果。在實際應(yīng)用方面：在頻率在28KHz時防垢效果較強；超聲波作用時間為5分鐘時的經(jīng)濟效益最佳,垢質(zhì)晶體形成能力較弱；超聲波作用周期為12小時時,防垢能力較強。
[Abstract]:At present, the pipelines in oil fields in our country have a great impact on the safe production of oil fields because of the serious scale formation and the difficulty of cleaning up the oil fields with relatively high salt content. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out research on scale prevention technology for oil field pipelines. There are mainly two kinds of chemical scale removal and physical scale removal. Chemical scale removal methods are not in line with the requirements of green environmental protection because the secondary pollution caused by the addition of substances in the medium may not meet the requirements of green environmental protection. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the effect and practical application parameters of physical scale removal method, I. E. ultrasonic wave. Among all kinds of scale in oil field, salt scale is the most common. The effect of ultrasonic wave on wax scale, oil scale, etc., which contains more solid impurities, is not good. Therefore, the main research object of this paper is salt scale. The scale in the pipeline comes from the insoluble and micro-soluble mixture of injected water and formation water, and the effect of ultrasonic wave on the mixed salt can not be evaluated. So when we study the effect of ultrasonic wave on different salts, we mainly study the single salt scale. In this paper, we study calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, Four common scale experiments of strontium sulfate have been carried out in laboratory static scaling experiment and ultrasonic scale control simulation experiment. The indoor static scaling simulation experiment refers to the scale formation experiment of hanging sheet in static state. In the experiment, the above four experiments are carried out respectively. The variation of scaling time of 842 h is compared with that of 40 鈩，

本文編號：1602316