本文選題：井下環(huán)空防噴器　切入點：膠筒　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自二十世紀(jì)中葉,隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,對石油等能源的需求急劇上升,因此對石油的開采量快速增加。隨著鉆井?dāng)?shù)量的增加,在鉆井過程中井噴失控事故時有發(fā)生,成為了威脅鉆井安全的最大因素。井口防噴器已經(jīng)被廣泛的應(yīng)用于鉆井施工中,為了能快速的從源頭附近阻止井噴的發(fā)生,井下防噴器就應(yīng)運而生。井下防噴器是一種應(yīng)用在井下,防止鉆井過程中發(fā)生井噴的井控工具,該設(shè)備安裝在鉆桿之間。井下環(huán)空防噴器主要作用是在發(fā)生井涌或井噴時,阻止環(huán)空中的液體向井口流動,從而阻止井噴失控的發(fā)生。膠筒是環(huán)空防噴器主要的密封元件,其密封性能的好壞直接決定著井下環(huán)空防噴器是否能正常工作。為了提高環(huán)空防噴器的密封性能,使其在防止發(fā)生井噴失控上起到良好的作用,針對井下環(huán)空防噴器膠筒密封性能的研究就顯得十分重要。本文著重研究井下環(huán)空防噴器壓縮式膠筒的密封性能。 本文以FPQ-178型井下防噴器膠筒為例,利用柔性密封理論,以分析膠筒工作時的受力為基礎(chǔ),對影響井下環(huán)空防噴器膠筒密封性能的因素進(jìn)行了分析。對膠筒所用橡膠材料的試驗數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合,選擇確定本構(gòu)方程,評估和預(yù)測材料在不同工況下的力學(xué)行為,從而探求對橡膠材料合理的評價方法。并在對影響橡膠密封性能因素進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合井下環(huán)空防噴器的實際情況提出了評價井下環(huán)空防噴器膠筒密封性能的評價方法。 運用有限元分析的方法,對影響膠筒密封性能的各項因素進(jìn)行了仿真分析。得到了膠筒的厚度、長度、摩擦因數(shù)、加載方式和橡膠硬度對膠筒密封性能的影響。并分析了壓縮式膠筒在套管井壁和裸眼井壁中的密封性能。提出了新的防突裝置,并與無防突裝置膠筒的密封性能進(jìn)行了對比。通過以上分析,得出了各因素對膠筒密封性能影響的程度,從而為提高井下防噴器的密封性能提供了理論依據(jù)。 依據(jù)井下環(huán)空防噴器膠筒工作的實際情況,膠筒需要實現(xiàn)較大的膨脹量和接觸應(yīng)力,提出鋼帶與橡膠復(fù)合的新型膠筒。對鋼帶的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,并運用有限元分析軟件,對復(fù)合膠筒在不同工況下的密封性能進(jìn)行了研究。得出了增大坐封載荷可以有效的增加膠筒的接觸應(yīng)力、復(fù)合膠筒的接觸應(yīng)力要遠(yuǎn)大于同等工況下的非復(fù)合膠筒等結(jié)論。 通過對井下環(huán)空防噴器膠筒密封性能的分析,采用以下方式可以有效增加膠筒的密封性能：1、選擇合適的膠筒厚度與長度；2、對膠筒加載雙向坐封載荷；3、增加有效的防突裝置；4、在結(jié)構(gòu)允許的情況下增加坐封載荷；5、使用復(fù)合式膠筒等。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of twentieth Century, with the rapid development of world economy, the oil demand is rising sharply, so the exploitation of oil is increasing rapidly. With the increase of the number of drilling, in the process of drilling blowout accidents have occurred, has become the biggest threat to drilling safety. The blowout preventer has been widely used in the drilling process, in order to quickly stop the blowout occurred near the source, underground blowout preventer is made. Downhole BOP is an application in the underground, prevent blowout in the process of drilling well control tools, the equipment is installed in the drill pipe. The underground ring air preventer mainly in the well kick or blowout, prevent the annulus liquid to the wellhead flow, thereby preventing blowout occurred. Rubber sealing element is the main air ring preventer, the sealing performance directly determines the underground Air ring preventer is able to work properly. In order to improve the sealing performance of ring air jet, which in preventing the occurrence of blowout out of control play a good role, according to the research of underground air defense ring preventer rubber sealing performance of the sealing performance is very important. This paper focuses on the research of underground air defense ring preventer compression type rubber cylinder.
In this paper, FPQ-178 type downhole blowout preventer rubber tube as an example, the use of flexible sealing rubber barrel theory, to analyze the work force as the foundation, the influence factors of underground air defense ring preventer rubber sealing performance was analyzed. The experimental data of rubber material used for rubber tube fitting, choose the constitutive equations, mechanical behavior assessment and prediction of material under different working conditions, in order to explore the evaluation methods of rubber materials and reasonable. This paper analyzes the factors influence on rubber sealing performance, combined with the actual situation of the underground ring air jet method of evaluation of the sealing performance evaluation of underground air defense ring preventer rubber tube.
Using the method of finite element analysis, the factor effect on rubber sealing performance was simulated and analyzed. The thickness of the rubber tube, the length, friction coefficient, impact loading and the rubber hardness on the sealing performance of the rubber cylinder. And analysis of the sealing performance of compression type rubber cylinder casing in the borehole and the naked eye in the wall put forward a new anti bursting device, and compared with the sealing property of the non outburst prevention device of rubber barrel. Through the above analysis, the various factors influence on the sealing performance of the rubber cylinder, thus providing a theoretical basis for improving the sealing performance of BOP underground.
According to the actual situation of underground air defense ring preventer rubber tube work, rubber cylinder need to achieve expansion and contact stress is large, the steel and rubber composite type rubber. The strip steel structure was optimized, and the use of finite element analysis software, the sealing performance of the composite rubber cylinder under different working conditions are the research concluded that increasing sit sealing load can effectively increase the contact stress of the rubber cylinder, composite rubber contact stress is much larger than the composite rubber results under the same condition.
Through the analysis of underground air defense ring preventer rubber sealing performance, by using the following methods can effectively increase the sealing performance: 1, select the rubber tube thickness and appropriate length; 2, two-way sit sealing load on rubber loading; 3, increase the bursting proof device effectively; 4, the structure allowed under the condition of increasing setting load; 5, the use of composite rubber.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE931.1

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