本文選題：裂縫　切入點：精細刻畫　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：裂縫性儲層普遍埋藏深,鉆井過程中安全密度窗口窄、井筒壓力波動大,經(jīng)常面臨溢漏同存、井控風險大等問題。基于裂縫特征參數(shù),測量與重構(gòu)裂縫三維空間并開展裂縫流固耦合滲流研究是前述問題和進一步開展相關(guān)工程技術(shù)研究的基礎(chǔ)。針對現(xiàn)場裂縫樣品,進行了裂縫表面形態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)描述及裂縫空間的重構(gòu)與提取、裂縫空間滲流數(shù)學(xué)模型及滲流機理研究、井筒中多物理場裂縫流固耦合分析等研究。綜合利用精細面形測量、逆向重構(gòu)技術(shù),采用理論研究、實驗研究、數(shù)值模擬等手段,揭示了裂縫流固耦合滲流機理,主要取得以下認識： (1)利用XSM-LC非接觸式高精度測量系統(tǒng)獲取真實裂縫表面微凸體三維數(shù)據(jù),通過逆向工程等軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,進行裂縫面三維參數(shù)的精細刻畫。利用獲取的裂縫表面真實數(shù)據(jù)實現(xiàn)裂縫表面及空間三維重構(gòu)。 (2)平板裂縫實驗結(jié)果說明縫寬、壓差和鉆井液性能是影響單一理想平板裂縫內(nèi)流體流速的主要敏感性因素。通過研究粗糙裂縫起伏度對裂縫滲流的影響采用粗糙度系數(shù)JRC對裂縫立方體定律進行修正,修正后的立方體定律經(jīng)過驗證能夠較好的符合實驗數(shù)據(jù)。在相同微凸體高度及進口速度下,微凸體密度越大,其壓差越大。 (3)不同JRC下的裂縫滲流差異很大,裂縫流量及速度隨JRC增大而減小。隨著JRC的增大,裂縫起伏度增大,流體在裂縫中的滲流路徑增長,流量減小。對于相同的JRC而言,隨著縫寬的增加,裂縫滲流通道越大,滲流流量越大。 (4)裂縫閉合初期,其滲流能力迅速減小,隨后,裂縫流體流量及速度的變化不再明顯。裂縫滲流空間隨著裂縫閉合逐漸減小,減小的幅度與裂縫表面形態(tài)、起伏度密切相關(guān)。 (5)壓差在裂縫滲流與變形中是一個可控的重要參數(shù)。壓力在縫內(nèi)和基質(zhì)內(nèi)的傳遞速度差異較大,裂縫中能夠快速的進行壓力場的重新分布,壓力場的重新分布會影響縫內(nèi)流動能力。在井筒縫寬較大處,存在較大的井壁失穩(wěn)風險,滲透率變化明顯。在裂縫閉合區(qū)域及縫寬較小的區(qū)域存在應(yīng)力集中現(xiàn)象。 (6)通過裂縫流固耦合滲流機理的研究,下一步需要解決工程中經(jīng)常遇到的裂縫漏失問題,明確漏失規(guī)律,對其進行定量化計算；該研究是進行堵漏工藝研究、改造裂縫儲層研究以及欠平衡鉆井隨鉆儲層參數(shù)分析的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The fractured reservoirs are generally buried deep, the safe density window is narrow during drilling, the wellbore pressure fluctuates greatly, and often faces problems such as the occurrence of spills and the high risk of well control, etc. Based on the fracture characteristic parameters, The measurement and reconstruction of fracture three-dimensional space and the study of fluid-solid coupling seepage flow of fracture are the basis of the above-mentioned problems and the further research of related engineering technology. The mathematical description of fracture surface morphology, reconstruction and extraction of fracture space, seepage mathematical model and seepage mechanism of fracture space, fluid-solid coupling analysis of fractures with multiple physical fields in wellbore are studied. Reverse reconstruction technology, by means of theoretical research, experimental research and numerical simulation, reveals the mechanism of fluid-solid coupling seepage of fractures. The main results are as follows:. 1) using XSM-LC non-contact high-precision measurement system to obtain 3D data of real crack surface micro-convex body, and processing the data by reverse engineering and other software. The 3D parameters of fracture surface are described in detail, and the 3D reconstruction of fracture surface and space is realized by using the obtained real data of fracture surface. 2) the experimental results of plate crack show that the crack width, Pressure difference and drilling fluid performance are the main sensitive factors affecting the flow velocity in a single ideal plate fracture. The roughness coefficient JRC is used to modify the fracture cube law by studying the effect of rough fracture fluctuation on fracture seepage. The modified cube law is proved to be in good agreement with the experimental data. At the same height and inlet velocity, the greater the density of the microconvex body, the greater the pressure difference. The flow rate and flow rate of fracture decrease with the increase of JRC. With the increase of JRC, the degree of fracture fluctuation increases, the seepage path of fluid in fracture increases, and the flow rate decreases. For the same JRC, the flow rate and the flow rate decrease with the increase of JRC, the seepage path of the fluid in the fracture increases, and the flow rate decreases with the increase of JRC. With the increase of fracture width, the larger the seepage channel, the larger the seepage flow. (4) in the early stage of fracture closure, the seepage capacity decreases rapidly, then the flow rate and velocity of fracture fluid are no longer obvious. The seepage space of fracture decreases gradually with the closure of fracture, and the decreasing amplitude is closely related to the shape and fluctuation of fracture surface. 5) pressure difference is an important and controllable parameter in fracture seepage and deformation. The velocity of pressure transfer in fracture and matrix is quite different, and the pressure field can be redistributed rapidly in fracture. The redistribution of the pressure field will affect the flow capacity in the fracture. Where the wellbore width is large, there is a greater risk of wellbore instability, and the permeability changes obviously. There is a phenomenon of stress concentration in the closed area of fracture and in the area with small fracture width. 6) through the study of fluid-solid coupling seepage mechanism of fracture, the next step is to solve the problem of crack leakage which is often encountered in engineering, make clear the law of leakage, and carry out quantitative calculation to it, the research is to study the technology of plugging leakage. The theoretical basis of reforming fractured reservoir and analyzing the parameters of underbalanced drilling while drilling reservoir.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE312

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