本文選題：常壓系統(tǒng)　切入點：腐蝕因素　出處：《西安石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：煉油廠常壓塔裝置是石油加工的基本裝置也是重要裝置,其安全運行決定著整個煉油廠的正常作業(yè)與安全。腐蝕是常壓裝置的最普遍的問題,常壓系統(tǒng)的腐蝕影響著煉化裝置的正常運行及安全,腐蝕問題的存在,給煉油廠帶來的安全隱患,造成裝置的非計劃停工,給企業(yè)帶來了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,因此,為了煉油廠的安全有效長期的運行,研究煉油廠常壓系統(tǒng)的腐蝕問題極為重要。通過對煉油廠常壓系統(tǒng)腐蝕的調(diào)研,得出了最常見的腐蝕類型是電化學(xué)腐蝕,常壓系統(tǒng)中換熱器的腐蝕類型有:點腐蝕、應(yīng)力腐蝕、垢下腐蝕、均勻腐蝕等。對換熱器循環(huán)冷卻水進(jìn)行分析,得出其主要的腐蝕類型為點腐蝕,影響點腐蝕的因素主要是循環(huán)冷卻水的溫度、p H值、Cl-濃度、NH4+濃度和S2-濃度。評價點腐蝕的指標(biāo)有點蝕電位Eb、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差SD、孔蝕指標(biāo)PI和噪聲電阻Rn等,本文選用的腐蝕評價指標(biāo)是孔蝕指標(biāo)PI和噪聲電阻Rn。選用非線性回歸方法建立腐蝕模型,應(yīng)用軟件SPSS及1st Opt軟件對循環(huán)冷卻水的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。軟件SPSS對五種影響因素進(jìn)行主成分分析,提取了4個成份,并得到了每一個主成份的表達(dá)式,成份1至成份4包含了所有的因素(溫度、p H、S2-濃度、N4+濃度、Cl-濃度),也就是需要這五種因素來綜合評價煉油廠常壓塔頂?shù)母g情況。建立常壓系統(tǒng)的腐蝕模型,應(yīng)用回歸分析方法,首先建立了線性回歸模型,得出評價指標(biāo)與各個因素之間的模型的相關(guān)系數(shù)最高為0.595,模型明顯不理想,因此選用非線性回歸分析模型,第一種非線性模型就是非線性轉(zhuǎn)線性模型的建立方法,得出模型的相關(guān)系數(shù)最高為0.496,此模型不理想。第二種非線性模型就是分別建立每個因素與評價指標(biāo)之間的最佳一元回歸模型,最后人工合成多元非線性模型,得出每個模型的相關(guān)性系數(shù)(RPI=0.876、RRn=0.984),并進(jìn)行回歸方程顯著性檢驗,檢驗結(jié)果為每個腐蝕評價模型擬合均理想。最后對腐蝕非線性模型進(jìn)行分析,應(yīng)用模型對煉油廠常壓系統(tǒng)的腐蝕進(jìn)行模擬預(yù)測,預(yù)測結(jié)果與理論分析的結(jié)果相一致,故本文建立的腐蝕評價指標(biāo)與各個因素之間的非線性模型可用于腐蝕的預(yù)測分析。
[Abstract]:The atmospheric pressure tower unit is the basic and important unit of petroleum processing, and its safe operation determines the normal operation and safety of the whole refinery. Corrosion is the most common problem in the atmospheric pressure unit. The corrosion of atmospheric pressure system affects the normal operation and safety of refinery plant, the existence of corrosion problem, the safety hidden danger to refinery, the unplanned shutdown of unit, and the huge economic problem to the enterprise. In order to run the refinery safely and effectively for a long time, it is very important to study the corrosion problem of the atmospheric pressure system in the refinery. Through the investigation of the corrosion of the atmospheric pressure system in the refinery, it is concluded that the most common corrosion type is electrochemical corrosion. The corrosion types of heat exchangers in atmospheric pressure system are pitting corrosion, stress corrosion, scale corrosion, uniform corrosion, etc. By analyzing the circulating cooling water of heat exchanger, it is concluded that the main corrosion type is point corrosion. The main factors affecting the pitting corrosion are the temperature of circulating cooling water and the concentration of NH4 and S2-. The evaluation indexes of pitting corrosion are pitting potential Eb, standard deviation SDs, pitting corrosion index Pi and noise resistance rn, etc. The corrosion evaluation indexes used in this paper are pitting corrosion index Pi and noise resistance Rn.The corrosion model is established by using nonlinear regression method. The data of circulating cooling water were analyzed by software SPSS and 1st Opt. The software SPSS analyzed the five influencing factors, extracted four components, and got the expression of each principal component. Components 1 to 4 contain all the factors (temperature, temperature, pH, S2-, N4, Cl-Concentration), that is, these five factors are required to comprehensively evaluate the corrosion of the top of the atmospheric tower in a refinery. A corrosion model of the atmospheric pressure system is established. Based on the regression analysis method, the linear regression model is established, and the correlation coefficient between the evaluation index and each factor is the highest 0.595.The model is obviously not ideal, so the nonlinear regression model is chosen. The first kind of nonlinear model is the method of establishing nonlinear translinear model. The highest correlation coefficient of the model is 0.496, this model is not ideal. The second kind of nonlinear model is to establish the best univariate regression model between each factor and the evaluation index, and finally to synthesize the multivariate nonlinear model. The correlation coefficient of each model is obtained, and the regression equation significance test is carried out. The test results show that each corrosion evaluation model fits well. Finally, the nonlinear corrosion model is analyzed. The model is used to simulate and predict the corrosion of atmospheric pressure system in refineries. The predicted results are consistent with those of theoretical analysis. Therefore, the corrosion evaluation index established in this paper and the nonlinear model between various factors can be used to predict and analyze corrosion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE986

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