本文關鍵詞： 輸油管道 負壓力波 泄漏檢測 泄漏定位 靈敏度　出處：《西安石油大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：管道運輸是與鐵路、公路、航空、水運并駕齊驅的五大運輸行業(yè)之一,已成為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)和國民經濟的命脈。隨著管道輸送工業(yè)的發(fā)展,石油輸送管網老化程度嚴重,加上不可避免的腐蝕、磨損和人為破壞等因素,管道泄漏現(xiàn)象頻頻發(fā)生。原油管道運輸中的泄漏事故,不僅損失物質和污染環(huán)境,還有可能帶來重大的人身傷亡。為保障管道安全運行和將泄漏事故造成的危害減少到最小,需要研究泄漏檢測技術以獲得更高的泄漏檢測靈敏度和更準確的泄漏點定位精度。管道泄漏檢測是多領域、跨學科的課題,涉及到管道流體力學、熱力學、傳感技術、微弱信號檢測、信號處理等多個學科。本文對泄漏檢測及定位技術進行了深入的研究。本文總結了國內外輸油管道泄漏檢測的研究狀況,詳細闡述管道泄漏定位檢測的原理方法、難點及解決辦法。分析了負壓波傳播規(guī)律,波速計算方法;針對輸油管道的特點,分析了壓力波泄漏檢測技術的定位原理以及影響準確定位的關鍵因素;采用流量平衡法判斷管道是否發(fā)生泄漏;通過首末站設置GPS授時儀的方法實現(xiàn)首末站信號同步采集,集合以上各類條件開發(fā)設計了輸油管道泄漏檢測系統(tǒng),并將該系統(tǒng)在陜西延長石油集團管道運輸公司川口輸油站至甘泉輸油站管線上進行驗證,取得了一定的效果,在泄漏量大時系統(tǒng)顯示準確,但該系統(tǒng)對小得泄漏反應并不是很靈敏。
[Abstract]:Pipeline transportation is one of the five transportation industries, which is parallel with railway, highway, aviation and water transportation, and has become the lifeblood of modern industry and national economy. With the development of pipeline transportation industry, the aging degree of oil pipeline network is serious. Coupled with the inevitable corrosion, wear and tear and man-made damage, pipeline leakage occurs frequently. Leakage accidents in crude oil pipeline transportation not only lose material and pollute the environment, In order to ensure the safe operation of the pipeline and minimize the damage caused by the leakage accident, It is necessary to study leak detection technology in order to obtain higher sensitivity and more accurate leak location accuracy. Pipeline leak detection is a multi-field, interdisciplinary subject, involving pipeline hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, sensing technology, Weak signal detection, signal processing and other disciplines. The leakage detection and location technology has been deeply studied in this paper. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign oil pipeline leakage detection research status. The principles, difficulties and solutions of pipeline leak location detection are described in detail. The propagation law of negative pressure wave and the calculation method of wave velocity are analyzed, and the characteristics of oil pipeline are analyzed. The location principle of pressure wave leakage detection technology and the key factors influencing the accurate location are analyzed. The flow balance method is used to determine whether the leakage occurs in the pipeline, and the synchronous acquisition of the first and last station signals is realized by setting the GPS timing instrument at the first and last station. The leakage detection system of oil pipeline is developed and designed under the above conditions, and the system is verified on the pipeline from Chuankou oil transportation station to Ganquan oil transportation station of Shaanxi Yanchang Oil Group Pipeline Transportation Company, and some results have been obtained. When the leakage is large, the system is accurate, but the system is not very sensitive to the small leakage response.
【學位授予單位】：西安石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE973.6

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