發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-24 21:00

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 表面活性單體 兩親聚合物 表觀黏度 黏彈性 驅(qū)油　出處：《東北石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前我國(guó)許多油田已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了三次采油階段,三元復(fù)合驅(qū)雖然可以大幅度提高原油采收率,但是其中堿的使用增加了采油的技術(shù)難度和處理成本。提高采收率近年的研究熱點(diǎn)正向著開(kāi)發(fā)弱(無(wú))堿表面活性劑-聚合物二元復(fù)合驅(qū)發(fā)展,但是在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用中,這種二元體系會(huì)發(fā)生非常嚴(yán)重的相分離和色譜分離,體系驅(qū)油效果下降。因此,需要開(kāi)發(fā)同時(shí)具有高黏度和高界面活性的驅(qū)油劑來(lái)提高采收率。本文以馬來(lái)酸酐、直鏈醇、氯丙烯為原料,經(jīng)磺化和酯化反應(yīng),合成出四種不同烷基鏈長(zhǎng)的馬來(lái)酸雙酯型表面活性單體,對(duì)合成條件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,并對(duì)產(chǎn)物結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行紅外表征。在氧化還原引發(fā)體系作用下,進(jìn)行水溶液聚合反應(yīng),得到一系列不同鏈長(zhǎng)的馬來(lái)酸雙酯磺酸鈉與丙烯酰胺共聚合產(chǎn)物,得到共聚的最佳條件是馬來(lái)酸雙酯磺酸鈉單體含量:1%、引發(fā)劑:0.4%、反應(yīng)溫度:55℃、單體總含量:25%、丙烯酰胺水解度:25%,并對(duì)產(chǎn)物結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行紅外表征。對(duì)四種不同烷基鏈長(zhǎng)的馬來(lái)酸雙酯型表面活性單體的表面性能研究表明,四種不同鏈長(zhǎng)的馬來(lái)酸雙酯磺酸鈉都具有很低的臨界膠束濃度和表面張力。臨界膠束濃度隨著鏈長(zhǎng)的增加而逐漸減小,而最低表面張力隨著鏈長(zhǎng)的增加先下降后增大,C18H31O4Na的表面張力最低為24.21 mN/m。熱力學(xué)參數(shù)計(jì)算表明,當(dāng)碳數(shù)增加時(shí),表面活性劑的Amin值、pC20值先增大后減小;ΠCMC受鏈長(zhǎng)影響不大。對(duì)共聚物水溶液黏度測(cè)試表明,隨著共聚物濃度的增加,溶液的表觀黏度呈現(xiàn)增大趨勢(shì);在低剪切速率下,溶液表現(xiàn)出一定的剪切增稠性質(zhì),隨著剪切速率增加,溶液黏度迅速下降;隨著溫度的升高,表觀黏度變化較小,顯示出良好的耐溫性能;隨著礦化度濃度的增加,共聚物的表觀黏度呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),共聚物抗Na+的能力要比抗Ca2+能力強(qiáng)。對(duì)共聚物水溶液黏彈性測(cè)試表明,共聚物在低濃度時(shí),主要是擁有黏性的,隨著共聚物濃度的增大,共聚物逐漸擁有一些彈性模量;隨著頻率的增加,共聚物由黏性模式向彈性模式轉(zhuǎn)變。通過(guò)對(duì)注聚濃度、段塞大小和段塞組合的優(yōu)化研究得到:在實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,采用“前置段塞(2500 mg/L 0.05PV)+主段塞(1200 mg/L,0.38 PV)+水驅(qū)至98%”的聚驅(qū)方式,采收率增加最多,可增加21.0%。
[Abstract]:At present, many oil fields in China have entered the stage of tertiary oil recovery. Although ASP flooding can greatly improve oil recovery, However, the use of alkali increases the technical difficulty and processing cost of oil recovery. The research focus on improving oil recovery in recent years is developing towards the development of weak (no) alkali surfactant / polymer binary composite flooding, but it is applied in the field. This binary system will have very serious phase separation and chromatographic separation, and the oil displacement efficiency of the system will be decreased. Therefore, it is necessary to develop oil remover with high viscosity and high interfacial activity to improve oil recovery. In this paper, maleic anhydride, straight chain alcohol, Four surface active monomers of diester maleate with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized by sulfonation and esterification of chloropropene. The synthesis conditions were optimized and the structure of the product was characterized by IR. A series of copolymerization products of sodium maleate diester sulfonate and acrylamide with different chain lengths were obtained by aqueous solution polymerization. The optimum conditions for copolymerization were: sodium maleate diester sulfonate monomer content: 1: 1, initiator: 0.4g, reaction temperature: 55 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1531686