本文關(guān)鍵詞： 川西 凝析氣藏 防乳化壓裂液 脈沖式柱塞加砂 控壓返排　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：GMZ構(gòu)造位于川西坳陷中段,預(yù)測(cè)儲(chǔ)量為1007.77×108m3,是川西地區(qū)重要的建產(chǎn)區(qū)塊。截止2013年12月,GMZ主體區(qū)塊下沙溪廟組共投產(chǎn)9口氣井,已壓裂投產(chǎn)的井中出現(xiàn)了壓后排液過程中產(chǎn)凝析油、自然返排率較低且伴有出砂等現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致壓裂效果不理想。 針對(duì)前期壓裂中存在的問題,本論文在前人研究基礎(chǔ)上,綜合運(yùn)用石油與天然氣地質(zhì)、儲(chǔ)層保護(hù)等學(xué)科的知識(shí)和方法,對(duì)GMZ構(gòu)造沙溪廟組前期壓裂中存在的問題進(jìn)行了大量的深入研究,取得了如下成果： ①在對(duì)GMZ構(gòu)造沙溪廟組儲(chǔ)層地質(zhì)特征認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了大量的室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià),包括流體物性實(shí)驗(yàn)、敏感性實(shí)驗(yàn)、巖石力學(xué)及地應(yīng)力實(shí)驗(yàn)、巖芯傷害實(shí)驗(yàn)等,研究認(rèn)為GMZ構(gòu)造沙溪廟組氣藏為微含凝析油的低滲致密凝析氣藏,壓裂過程中的反凝析現(xiàn)象對(duì)儲(chǔ)層傷害率超過80%,且儲(chǔ)層巖石在酸泡后易出砂； ②針對(duì)GMZ構(gòu)造沙溪廟組儲(chǔ)層壓裂后返排液中出現(xiàn)凝析油、返排率低且伴有地層出砂的現(xiàn)象,對(duì)GMZ沙溪廟氣藏壓裂液各添加劑進(jìn)行優(yōu)選和加量優(yōu)化后形成GMZ構(gòu)造沙溪廟組氣藏防乳化壓裂液配方；此外,為減少地層出砂,通過支撐劑嵌入與運(yùn)移實(shí)驗(yàn),確定最佳支撐劑粒徑組合為80%的30/50目+20%的40/70目陶粒； ③通過室內(nèi)物模實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)模實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了脈沖式柱塞加砂技術(shù)減少入地液量的可行性,并對(duì)工藝參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,形成了GMZ構(gòu)造沙溪廟組儲(chǔ)層脈沖式柱塞加砂工藝技術(shù)；通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)證明該技術(shù)不僅可有效減少入地液量,還可在一定程度上提高裂縫導(dǎo)流能力； ④對(duì)液氮降低液柱壓力和儲(chǔ)層增能效果進(jìn)行計(jì)算,證實(shí)液氮助排提高壓裂液返排率的可能性,并建議水平井在后四段進(jìn)行液氮伴注；針對(duì)GMZ構(gòu)造沙溪廟組主要三條分流河道沉積相砂體的流體實(shí)驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果具有不同的露點(diǎn)壓力,分別形成三條河道控壓返排工藝措施。液氮助排和控壓返排技術(shù)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)均取得較好效果。 從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)效果上來看,各項(xiàng)工藝技術(shù)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用情況良好。2014年壓裂14口井平均返排率為60.2%,較2013年(50.2%)提高10.0%,且返排過程中未發(fā)現(xiàn)凝析油與地層砂的產(chǎn)出；壓后在平均油壓13.5MPa,套壓12.4MPa下測(cè)試產(chǎn)量為4.1537×104m3/d。研究形成的GMZ構(gòu)造沙溪廟組儲(chǔ)層改造工藝技術(shù)效果良好,建議在該區(qū)廣泛應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:The GMZ structure is located in the middle section of the western Sichuan depression, and its predicted reserves are 1007.77 脳 108m3.It is an important building and producing area block in the western Sichuan area. As of December 2013, nine gas wells were put into operation in the Xiashaximiao formation, the main block of GMZ. Condensate is produced in the process of fracturing and putting into production, and the natural rate of backflow is low and sand production is accompanied, which leads to the unsatisfactory effect of fracturing. In view of the problems existing in the early fracturing, this paper, on the basis of previous studies, synthesizes the knowledge and methods of petroleum and natural gas geology, reservoir protection, etc. The problems existing in the early fracturing of Shaximiao formation in GMZ structure are studied deeply, and the following results are obtained:. 1 based on the understanding of the geological characteristics of the Shaximiao formation reservoir in the GMZ structure, a large number of laboratory experiments have been carried out, including fluid physical property experiment, sensitivity experiment, rock mechanics and in-situ stress experiment, core damage test, etc. It is considered that the Shaximiao formation gas reservoir in GMZ structure is a low permeability condensate gas reservoir with micro condensate oil. The damage rate of the reverse condensate phenomenon to the reservoir is over 80 during fracturing, and the reservoir rock is easy to produce sand after acid bubble. (2) in view of the phenomenon of condensate oil appearing in the back drainage fluid of Shaximiao formation reservoir of GMZ structure after fracturing, the rate of back discharge is low and the sand is produced by formation. The formula of anti-emulsification fracturing fluid of Shaximiao formation gas reservoir with GMZ structure is formed by optimizing the additives of fracturing fluid of Shaximiao gas reservoir in GMZ Shaximiao gas reservoir, in addition, in order to reduce formation sand production, the experiments of embedding and migration of proppant are carried out. The optimum particle size combination of proppant is 30/50 mesh 20% 40/70 mesh of 80%; (3) the feasibility of using pulse plunger to add sand to reduce the amount of liquid into the ground is verified by indoor physical model experiment and digital model experiment, and the technological parameters are optimized to form the technology of pulse plunger sand addition in Shaximiao formation reservoir of GMZ structure; It is proved by field test that the technology can not only effectively reduce the amount of liquid entering the ground, but also improve the fracture conductivity to a certain extent. (4) calculating the effect of liquid nitrogen reducing liquid column pressure and increasing reservoir energy, confirming the possibility of liquid nitrogen assisted drainage to increase the rate of back discharge of fracturing fluid, and suggesting that the horizontal well should carry out liquid nitrogen injection in the latter four stages; According to the fluid experimental results of three distributary channel sedimentary facies sand bodies in Shaximiao formation of GMZ structure, there are different dew point pressures. The process measures of controlled pressure back drainage were formed in three river channels respectively. Both liquid nitrogen assisted drainage and controlled pressure back drainage technology achieved good results in the field. From the point of view of field test results, the application of each technology in the field is good. In 2014, the average recovery rate of 14 wells fracturing is 60.2, which is 10.0 higher than that of 2013 (50.2), and no condensate oil and formation sand are found in the process of backflow. The average oil pressure is 13.5 MPA and the test output is 4.1537 脳 10 ~ 4 m ~ (3 / d) d at the average oil pressure of 12.5 MPA. The GMZ structure Shaximiao formation reservoir reconstruction technology has good effect and is suggested to be widely used in this area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357

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