本文關(guān)鍵詞： 分散凝膠 孔喉 匹配關(guān)系 運移與滯留模式 調(diào)驅(qū)機(jī)理　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：分散凝膠是將交聯(lián)體系在地面交聯(lián)形成的顆粒凝膠,具有粒徑小、數(shù)量龐大、懸浮分散性好、彈性高和適用范圍廣等特點。因此在深部調(diào)驅(qū)領(lǐng)域,分散凝膠極具應(yīng)用潛力。目前分散凝膠的應(yīng)用受到一定限制,主要原因是顆粒與地層孔喉的配伍性難以控制,往往只在注水井附近的油層中起到封堵作用,水會很快繞流,再次進(jìn)入高滲帶,致其深部調(diào)驅(qū)作用受限。為此,本文主要對分散凝膠與孔喉匹配關(guān)系及調(diào)驅(qū)機(jī)理開展一系列實驗和理論研究。采用反相乳液聚合法制備了微米級分散凝膠,并對其基本物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行表征。該凝膠顆粒圓球度好,能夠均勻地分散在水中,具有良好的熱鹽穩(wěn)定性、水化膨脹特性和黏彈性。利用微孔膜滲濾裝置、SEM、激光粒度儀和紫外分光光度計等實驗手段,并結(jié)合巖心驅(qū)替實驗,研究了分散凝膠與孔喉匹配關(guān)系的影響因素,分析得出顆粒運移與滯留機(jī)理,以及建立了綜合考慮匹配因子、質(zhì)量濃度、顆粒彈性和滲流速度的凝膠顆粒運移和堵塞經(jīng)驗數(shù)學(xué)公式。結(jié)果表明:隨著匹配因子增加,分散凝膠的運移與封堵類型依次為:"順利通過"、"低效封堵"、"高效封堵"和"完全封堵"。隨著滲流速度降低或顆粒彈性/質(zhì)量濃度升高,分散凝膠與孔喉匹配程度增高;匹配因子處于較佳范圍內(nèi),匹配因子小而彈性高的顆粒在多孔介質(zhì)中的封堵性能更加優(yōu)異。顆粒在多孔介質(zhì)中的運移與滯留模式為:①順利通過,②沉積與釋放,③彈性封堵—再次運移,彈性封堵可細(xì)分為捕獲封堵、重合封堵和架橋封堵。再次運移包含以下三個過程:彈性變形,穩(wěn)定運移/破碎通過,彈性恢復(fù)。④完全封堵。通過二維可視化平板實驗直觀形象地展示了不同驅(qū)替階段的流體分布情況,量化了各個階段高、中和低滲帶的面積波及效率以及洗油效率。利用核磁共振從微觀角度定量分析驅(qū)替階段各孔喉區(qū)間采出程度及顆粒彈性對提高采收率的影響。油水兩相相滲實驗表明:與水驅(qū)相比,凝膠顆粒驅(qū)相滲曲線的右端點右移,油水兩相等滲點右移,油水相滲透率不均衡降低。隨著顆粒濃度的增加或滲流速度的減小,驅(qū)油效率提高�；谏鲜鰧嶒炑芯�,得出分散凝膠調(diào)驅(qū)機(jī)理為:①顆粒優(yōu)先進(jìn)入高滲層,進(jìn)行選擇性調(diào)驅(qū)。②沉積—釋放和彈性封堵—再次運移實現(xiàn)深部液流轉(zhuǎn)向。③顆粒彈性變形將孔壁表面的油膜剝落;顆粒彈性恢復(fù)將孔喉盲端的殘余油"擠"出來;顆粒從孔喉中突破,形成瞬時"負(fù)壓"。④油水相滲透率不均衡降低。
[Abstract]:Dispersion gel is a kind of granular gel formed by cross-linking crosslinking system on the ground. It has the characteristics of small particle size, large quantity, good suspension dispersion, high elasticity and wide application range. Dispersion gels have great potential for application. At present, the application of dispersed gels is limited to a certain extent, mainly because the compatibility of particles with formation pore throats is difficult to control, and often only plays a plugging role in the reservoir near the injection wells, and the water will flow around quickly. In this paper, a series of experimental and theoretical studies were carried out on the matching relationship between dispersed gel and pore throat, and on the mechanism of control flooding. Micron dispersible gel was prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. The basic physical and chemical properties of the gel particles were characterized. The gel particles have good sphericity, can be uniformly dispersed in water, and have good thermal and salt stability. Hydration expansion characteristics and viscoelasticity. By means of microporous membrane percolation apparatus (SEM), laser particle size meter and ultraviolet spectrophotometer, combined with core displacement experiment, the influencing factors of the matching relationship between dispersed gel and pore throat were studied. The mechanism of particle migration and retention and the empirical formula of gel particle migration and blockage considering matching factor, mass concentration, particle elasticity and percolation velocity are established. The results show that the equation increases with the increase of matching factor. The types of migration and plugging of dispersed gels are as follows: "smooth passage", "low efficiency plugging", "high efficiency plugging" and "complete plugging". The matching degree between dispersed gel and pore throat increases with the decrease of percolation velocity or the increase of particle elastic / mass concentration. The matching factor is in a better range. Particles with small matching factor and high elasticity have better plugging performance in porous media. The migration and retention mode of particles in porous media is as follows: 1. Elastic plugging can be subdivided into capture plugging, superposition plugging and bridging plugging. Remigration consists of the following three processes: elastic deformation, stable migration / breaking through, Elastic recovery 4. 4 complete plugging. The fluid distribution in different displacement stages is visualized by two-dimensional visual plate experiments, and each stage is quantified. Area sweep efficiency and oil washing efficiency of middle and low permeability zone. Quantitative analysis of the effect of recovery degree and particle elasticity on oil recovery by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in each pore throat interval in displacement stage. Oil-water two-phase permeation experiment. The results show that: compared with water drive, With the increase of particle concentration or the decrease of percolation velocity, the oil displacement efficiency increases with the increase of particle concentration or the decrease of percolation velocity, and the oil displacement efficiency increases with the increase of particle concentration or the decrease of percolation velocity, and the oil displacement efficiency increases with the increase of particle concentration or the decrease of percolation velocity. It is concluded that the mechanism of dispersed gel flooding is that the particles of 1 / 1 are preferentially entered into the high permeability layer, and the oil film on the surface of the pore wall is peeled off by selective adjusting flooding .2 Sediment- release and elastic plugging-re-migration to realize the deep liquid flow turning to 3. 3 particles elastic deformation. The residual oil from the blind end of the pore throat was squeezed out by the particle elastic recovery, and the particle broke through the pore throat, forming an instantaneous "negative pressure" .4 oil and water phase permeability imbalance reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE357.46

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