本文關(guān)鍵詞： 原油浮頂儲罐 蒸汽盤管加熱 周期性邊界條件 加熱效果評價 用能有效利用率　出處：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國原油戰(zhàn)略儲備需求的增加,大型浮頂油罐因其技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟上的優(yōu)勢已成為大規(guī)模原油庫的首選儲油設(shè)施。油罐在生產(chǎn)運行中,當(dāng)罐內(nèi)原油溫度低于析蠟點時,含蠟原油會因析蠟在浮頂、罐壁和罐底所包圍的內(nèi)沿形成一定厚度和強度的凝油層,嚴重時可能發(fā)生凝罐等生產(chǎn)事故。因此,為確保儲罐安全經(jīng)濟運行,必須準(zhǔn)確掌握罐內(nèi)原油溫度場以及流場的變化規(guī)律。數(shù)值模擬是研究罐內(nèi)原油場分布的主要方法,但往往將邊界條件簡化為定解條件處理,無法反映儲罐傳熱過程中太陽輻射、大氣溫度等周期性邊界條件對罐內(nèi)原油溫度場、流場的實際影響。另一方面,隨著儲罐規(guī)模向大型化發(fā)展,加熱耗能逐漸增加,對加熱效果以及用能情況的研究將十分必要。基于以上,本文開展了原油罐儲過程傳熱與流動特性描述及有效能利用評價研究。首先,根據(jù)傳熱學(xué)相關(guān)理論,研究大型浮頂儲罐邊界條件的數(shù)值處理技術(shù),分析了大氣溫度、太陽輻射等周期性變化條件下儲罐邊界傳熱系數(shù)隨時間的變化規(guī)律。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了大型浮頂原油儲罐靜儲過程包括連續(xù)性方程、動量方程以及相應(yīng)流態(tài)方程在內(nèi)的理論模型,并對其進行數(shù)值求解,深入分析環(huán)境、生產(chǎn)運行工況對儲罐靜儲過程傳熱與流動耦合特性的影響機制,依據(jù)原油溫度場的變化規(guī)律,將靜儲溫降過程分為局部快速溫降階段、整體快速降溫階段、凝油層增長階段和整體低速降溫階段,溫升過程分為局部低速升溫階段、局部快速升溫階段。然后,在對靜儲理論模型實例驗證基礎(chǔ)上,綜合考慮環(huán)境溫度、太陽輻射、加熱蒸汽壓、油品物性參數(shù)等因素,建立了大型浮頂原油儲罐蒸汽盤管加熱過程理論模型,數(shù)值研究原油溫度場與流場的變化規(guī)律,將加熱過程分為自然對流生成階段、小渦旋的形成階段、大渦旋的形成階段以及大渦旋的發(fā)展階段。通過分別模擬豎排盤管、立體盤管以及蛇形盤管的加熱工況,揭示盤管結(jié)構(gòu)對儲罐加熱過程中原油傳熱與流動耦合特性的影響機制,深入分析罐內(nèi)油品液位、加熱蒸汽溫度、外界環(huán)境條件等因素對罐內(nèi)原油溫度場、流場的影響規(guī)律。分別從時間和空間的角度出發(fā),提出了儲罐加熱過程加熱效果的評價指標(biāo),分析了不同結(jié)構(gòu)蒸氣盤管加熱過程升溫速率和溫度場不均勻程度的變化規(guī)律。根據(jù)熱力學(xué)第一、第二定律,同時考慮能量和能質(zhì)的屬性,提出了儲罐原油加熱過程用能評價指標(biāo),分析了不同結(jié)構(gòu)蒸汽盤管加熱過程中的能量損失以及?損失情況,揭示?傳遞速率與?傳遞動力、阻力之間的關(guān)系,研究罐內(nèi)油品液位、盤管熱流密度、外界環(huán)境條件等因素下能量有效利用率、?有效利用率的變化規(guī)律,可為油田企業(yè)如何提高儲備能源利用效率提供理論支持。最后,在得出蛇形結(jié)構(gòu)盤管加熱油品具有升溫速率快,溫度場均勻度好,能量有效利用率以及?有效利用率高等優(yōu)點的前提下,以蛇形結(jié)構(gòu)盤管為研究對象,運用Visual Basic 6.0語言開發(fā)了“浮頂儲罐蛇形盤管工藝設(shè)計軟件”,軟件包括原始數(shù)據(jù)錄入模塊,數(shù)值傳熱計算模塊以及相應(yīng)的計算結(jié)果輸出模塊,得到包括儲罐傳熱系數(shù)、罐內(nèi)原油溫度場,油品升溫吸收熱量、罐壁表面散失熱量及加熱油品總熱量等相關(guān)結(jié)果,可作為儲罐盤管加熱工藝計算的輔助工具,為相關(guān)研究設(shè)計人員提供一定的技術(shù)參考。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand of China's strategic oil reserves, oil has become the preferred storage facilities of large-scale crude oil because of its technical and economic advantages of large floating roof tanks. During the operation, when the tank is lower than the temperature of crude oil wax precipitation point, waxy crude oil because of the wax in the floating roof tank wall and a tank. The bottom surrounded along the formation of a certain thickness and strength of the condensate reservoir, which can produce condensate tank production accidents. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety and economic operation of the tank, the tank must accurately grasp the crude oil temperature field and flow field were studied. The numerical simulation of oil tank field distribution is the main method, but often will the boundary condition is simplified as boundary conditions, can not reflect the heat transfer process in tank solar radiation, air temperature, periodic boundary conditions on the oil tank temperature field, the actual effect of flow field. On the other hand, as to the large scale storage tank The development of heating energy consumption gradually increased, the heating effect and energy research will be necessary. Based on the above, this paper carried out the crude oil tank process of heat transfer and flow characteristics of description and effective utilization evaluation research. Firstly, according to the theory of heat transfer, numerical processing technology of large floating roof tank boundary conditions, analysis the air temperature variation of heat transfer coefficient of tank boundary periodic variation of solar radiation conditions with time. Based on this, a large floating roof oil storage reservoir static process including continuity equation, momentum equation and the corresponding theoretical model, flow equations, and the numerical solution of in-depth analysis, environment, influence the mechanism of operating condition of static flow and heat transfer process on the coupling characteristics of storage tank, based on the variation of crude oil temperature field, the static storage temperature decreasing process is divided into local rapid temperature Drop stage, the overall rapid cooling stage, growth stage and the overall low condensate oil cooling stage, the temperature rise process into local low temperature stage, rapid local heating stage. Then, in case of static verification based on the theoretical model of reservoir, comprehensive consideration of environmental temperature, solar radiation, heating steam pressure, oil property parameters etc. the factors, established a theoretical model of large floating roof oil tank steam coil heating process, variation of numerical study of oil temperature field and flow field, the heating process is divided into natural convection generation stage, formation stage of small vortex, the stage of formation and development stage of large eddy and large eddy simulation respectively. Through vertical coil, coil and stereo coil tube heating conditions, reveals the influence mechanism of tank coil structure in the process of heating oil flow and heat transfer coupling characteristics, in-depth analysis of oil tank, heating steam temperature Degree, environmental conditions and other factors on the oil tank temperature, influence of flow field. From the angle of time and space, this paper put forward the evaluation index of tank heating process for the heating effect, analyzes the different structure of steam coil heating process, the heating rate and the temperature field of non-uniformity variation. According to the first second. The law, considering the property of energy and energy quality, puts forward the evaluation index for crude oil tank heating process, analyzes the different structure of the steam coil heating in the process of energy loss and loss situation, reveal?? transfer rate and the transmission power, the relationship between the resistance? The oil level of the tank, the coil heat flux, the outside world the environmental conditions of energy efficiency, effective utilization rate? Changes, for oilfield enterprises how to improve the utilization efficiency of energy reserves and provide theoretical support. Finally, in The structure of serpentine coil heating oil has faster heating rate, temperature field uniformity, the effective utilization rate of energy and? The effective use of the advantages of high rate of the premise, to coil snake structure as the research object, using Visual Basic 6 language has developed a "floating roof tank coil tube process design software, software includes the original data entry module and the corresponding calculation module, output module of calculation results of numerical heat transfer, including tank heat transfer coefficient, temperature field of crude oil tank, heating oil tank wall surface to absorb heat, heat dissipation and heating oil heat and other related results, auxiliary tools can be calculated as the tank coil heating process, provide technical reference for related research. Design personnel.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE972

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