本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生物柴油 冷濾點 組分調(diào)控 分子調(diào)控　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：生物柴油以其自身的可再生性和環(huán)保特性,備受世界各國的關(guān)注,生物柴油的發(fā)展在一定程度上可以緩解能源緊缺和環(huán)境污染兩大問題帶來的壓力,對能源結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整也有很大幫助。但生物柴油在低溫條件下,高熔點組分易結(jié)晶析出,流動性較差,影響了生物柴油的推廣使用。論文主要研究內(nèi)容是基于生物柴油的冷濾點(CFPP)對生物柴油進行燃料設(shè)計,從而達到改善生物柴油的低溫流動性的目的,為生物柴油的推廣使用積累一定的理論和實驗支持。論文對實驗室自制和市售的8種生物柴油的理化性質(zhì)進行了測定,基本上均符合國標要求。使用氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀對生物柴油組分進行測定,研究表明,生物柴油主要化學(xué)組分是由C、H和O三種元素組成的偶數(shù)碳鏈長碳鏈脂肪酸甲酯(FAME),主要包括飽和脂肪酸甲酯(SFAME,C14:0～C22:0)和不飽和脂肪酸甲酯(UFAME,C16:1～C20:1、C18:2以及C18:3)。不同原料油制備的生物柴油的化學(xué)組成不同,其CFPP、運動黏度也均存在較大差異,其中棕櫚油生物柴油(PME)的CFPP最高,菜籽油生物柴油(RME)的CFPP最低;長碳鏈SFAME含量較高的生物柴油的運動黏度也較高,椰子油生物柴油(CCME)的SFAME含量與0號柴油(OPD)的正烷烴含量較接近,二者的運動黏度變化趨勢也較接近,且運動黏度均低于其他7種生物柴油。CFPP越低,生物柴油低溫流動性越好。通過分析生物柴油化學(xué)組成與CFPP的關(guān)系發(fā)現(xiàn):生物柴油的長碳鏈SFAME含量越高,CFPP越高;短鏈的SFAME含量越高,CFPP越低;UFAME含量越高,不飽和度越高,CFPP越低。論文以生物柴油結(jié)晶機理為理論依據(jù),在CFPP的基礎(chǔ)上對生物柴油進行燃料設(shè)計。采取的設(shè)計方法包括①組分調(diào)控燃料設(shè)計。將生物柴油分別與不同原料油生物柴油、OPD、-10號柴油(-10PD)、煤油、乙醇和丁醇調(diào)合;結(jié)晶分離生物柴油的高熔點組分SFAME;以及添加低溫流動性改進劑。結(jié)果表明,通過與不同燃料優(yōu)化混合,以及結(jié)晶分離可降低生物柴油中SFAME的含量;加入帶有極性基團添加劑使得生物柴油以大量小酯晶析出,不易生成影響低溫流動性的大酯晶團。組分調(diào)控的燃料設(shè)計能有效地降低生物柴油的CFPP。②分子調(diào)控燃料設(shè)計,將制備生物柴油的甲醇分別換作乙醇和丁醇,經(jīng)酯交換反應(yīng)制得脂肪酸乙酯和脂肪酸丁酯,其CFPP均比同種原料油制得的FAME的CFPP低。分子調(diào)控優(yōu)化生物柴油的分子結(jié)構(gòu),增長生物柴油組分酯基的碳鏈長度,使分子彎曲度增加,進而阻礙晶體的形成,降低生物柴油的CFPP。8種生物柴油中PME的CFPP最高為10℃,將棕櫚油分別與乙醇、丁醇酯交換制得棕櫚油脂肪酸乙酯(PEE)和棕摘油脂肪酸丁酯(PBE),CFPP分別為7℃和3℃,PME的CFPP得到了降低。
[Abstract]:Biodiesel has attracted worldwide attention because of its renewable and environmental characteristics. The development of biodiesel can alleviate the pressure of energy shortage and environmental pollution to a certain extent. It is also helpful to adjust the energy structure, but at low temperature, the high melting point components are easy to crystallize and the fluidity is poor. The main content of this paper is the design of biodiesel fuel based on CFPP-based cold filter point of biodiesel, so as to improve the low temperature mobility of biodiesel. The physical and chemical properties of 8 kinds of biodiesel made in laboratory and sold on the market were determined in this paper. The main chemical components of biodiesel were determined by GC-MS. The main chemical component of biodiesel was determined by C. The even carbon chain long chain fatty acid methyl ester of H and O is mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl ester and SFAME. C14: 0 (C22: 0) and unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester (UFAMEM C16: 1) C20: 1. C18: 2 and C18: 3. The chemical composition of biodiesel prepared from different feedstock oil is different, and its CFPPand kinematic viscosity are also different. The CFPP of palm oil biodiesel was the highest, and the CFPP of rapeseed oil biodiesel was the lowest. The movement viscosity of biodiesel with high SFAME content of long carbon chain was also higher, and the SFAME content of coconut oil biodiesel was close to the n-alkane content of No. 0 diesel oil. The change trend of sports viscosity was similar, and the sports viscosity was lower than that of other 7 biodiesel. CFPP. By analyzing the relationship between the chemical composition of biodiesel and CFPP, it was found that the higher the SFAME content of long carbon chain of biodiesel was, the higher the content of SFAME was. The higher the SFAME content of short chain is, the lower the content of SFAME is. The higher the content of UFAME, the higher the degree of unsaturation. The crystallization mechanism of biodiesel is the theoretical basis. The fuel design of biodiesel was carried out on the basis of CFPP. The design method included one component control fuel design. Biodiesel was divided into different feedstock biodiesel and different feedstock biodiesel. -10 diesel oil, kerosene, ethanol and butanol; Crystallization separation of high melting point component SFAMEof biodiesel; The results showed that the content of SFAME in biodiesel could be reduced by optimizing mixing with different fuels and crystallization separation. The addition of additive with polar group makes biodiesel precipitate with a large number of small ester crystals. It is not easy to form large ester crystals which affect the low temperature fluidity. The fuel design controlled by component can effectively reduce the CFPP.2 molecular controlled fuel design of biodiesel. Ethyl fatty acid and butyl fatty acid were prepared by transesterification of methanol from biodiesel to ethanol and butanol respectively. Its CFPP is lower than the CFPP of FAME prepared from the same feedstock oil. Molecular regulation optimizes the molecular structure of biodiesel, increases the carbon chain length of the ester group of biodiesel component, and increases the molecular curvature. Thus, the formation of crystals was blocked, and the CFPP of PME in CFPP.8 biodiesel was reduced to 10 鈩，

本文編號：1476936