本文關(guān)鍵詞： 抗磨 連續(xù)冷凍壓濾 油酸甘油酯 合成 評(píng)定　出處：《沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著環(huán)保要求的提高,柴油生產(chǎn)逐漸向低硫和無(wú)硫方向發(fā)展。伴隨著硫元素的脫除,一些具有潤(rùn)滑作用的組分也被除去,柴油自身潤(rùn)滑性變差,使用時(shí)會(huì)造成柴油機(jī)的磨損。向柴油中加入潤(rùn)滑添加劑(抗磨劑)是減小磨損行之有效的方法。本文闡述了脂肪酸型和脂肪酸酯型柴油抗磨劑的制備,并評(píng)價(jià)其潤(rùn)滑性能。選用大豆油酸、妥爾油酸和棉籽油酸為原料,采用多級(jí)冷凍壓濾法提純油酸制備酸型抗磨劑。多級(jí)冷凍壓濾的條件是:過(guò)濾壓力0.2~0.4MPa,濾布孔徑25μm,冷凍時(shí)間20~24小時(shí),冷凍次數(shù)3次,一級(jí)冷凍恒溫3~4℃,二級(jí)冷凍恒溫-6~-8℃,三級(jí)冷凍恒溫-12~-15℃,三種油酸的冷凍溫度略有差異,優(yōu)選在凝點(diǎn)附近。提純后三種油酸的產(chǎn)率均在80%以上。用氣相色譜對(duì)三種原料和產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行表征,結(jié)果表明,原料中不飽和脂肪酸含量為90%左右,產(chǎn)物中不飽和脂肪酸的含量在99%以上,飽和脂肪酸被除去,濁點(diǎn)和凝點(diǎn)均符合酸型柴油抗磨劑技術(shù)要求。用HFRR法評(píng)定三種產(chǎn)物潤(rùn)滑性能,結(jié)果表明:在兩種低硫柴油中添加量為150mg/kg時(shí),磨斑直徑均符合中石化酸型抗磨劑加劑柴油潤(rùn)滑性不大于420μm的要求。酯型抗磨劑主要是不飽和脂肪酸多元醇酯。以對(duì)甲苯磺酸為催化劑,甲苯為攜水劑,油酸和甘油為原料合成了二油酸甘油酯與三油酸甘油酯的混合物。實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了摩爾比、反應(yīng)時(shí)間、反應(yīng)溫度和催化劑用量對(duì)酯化率的影響,并通過(guò)紅外光譜對(duì)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征。結(jié)果表明,適宜的反應(yīng)條件是:反應(yīng)原料物質(zhì)的量比n(丙三醇):n(油酸)=0.7:1;反應(yīng)溫度155~160℃;反應(yīng)時(shí)間9h;催化劑用量5%;攜水劑用量20%,在此條件下油酸的酯化率達(dá)99.4%,產(chǎn)物的酸值小于2mgKOH/g。用HFRR法評(píng)定產(chǎn)物潤(rùn)滑性能,結(jié)果表明:在低硫柴油中添加150mg/kg時(shí),兩種柴油的磨斑直徑從分別從598μm和580μm降至386.6μm和377.4μm,符合中石化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。制備的抗磨劑性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定。分別向兩種評(píng)定柴油中加入制備的抗磨劑,添加量為150mg/kg時(shí),加劑柴油的粘度、密度、氧化安定性和低溫流動(dòng)性幾乎不變。添加酯型抗磨劑對(duì)柴油酸度幾乎無(wú)影響,添加酸型抗磨劑后,柴油酸度明顯增大,仍低于7mgKOH/100mL的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, diesel oil production is gradually developing towards the direction of low sulfur and no sulfur. With the removal of sulfur elements, some lubricating components have also been removed, and the lubricity of diesel itself has become worse. Adding lubricating additive (antiwear agent) to diesel oil is an effective way to reduce wear. The preparation of fatty acid type and fatty acid ester type diesel antiwear agent is described in this paper. The lubricating properties of soybean oleic acid, tul oleic acid and cottonseed oil acid were evaluated. The acid antiwear agent was prepared by using multistage freezing pressure filtration method to purify oleic acid. The conditions of multistage freezing pressure filtration were as follows: filtration pressure 0.2n 0.4MPa, filter cloth aperture 25 渭 m, freezing time 20g / 24 hours. The freezing temperature of the three oleic acids was slightly different. The freezing times were 3 times, the primary freezing temperature was 34 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1472550