發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-28 02:52

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 堵水劑 蒙脫土 改性SiO_2 吸水倍率 動(dòng)力學(xué)　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：聚合物類堵水劑具有適用性廣、強(qiáng)度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在油田開發(fā)中已得到廣泛應(yīng)用,但該類堵水劑受高溫、高礦化度的影響易造成熱降解或脫水等現(xiàn)象,從而導(dǎo)致堵水效果降低。無(wú)機(jī)類堵水劑具有原料廣、耐溫、抗鹽性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故制備一種有機(jī)/無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合型堵水劑,讓其兼具兩類堵水劑的優(yōu)點(diǎn),對(duì)提高堵水劑的性能具有重要的意義。以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)為單體,利用水溶液法合成AM/AMPS/AA共聚物�？疾炝撕铣蓽囟�、合成時(shí)間、引發(fā)劑量等條件對(duì)其表觀粘度的影響。結(jié)果表明:AM:AMPS:AA單體摩爾比為11:3:1;反應(yīng)時(shí)間為1.5h;引發(fā)劑量為1.2wt%(占單體總質(zhì)量);反應(yīng)溫度為45℃,其耐鹽性能最佳。2wt%的聚合物溶液,在礦化度達(dá)到6000mg/L后其表觀粘度趨于一常數(shù)。紅外顯示分子鏈上含有羧基、磺酸基和酰胺基等特征吸收峰,GPC結(jié)果顯示數(shù)均相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量(Mn)為2.32×105左右,重均分子量(Mw)為4.59 ×105左右,分子量分布較寬。將蒙脫土引入到上述共聚物中制備復(fù)合堵水劑。利用紅外光譜、SEM及TG分析表明聚合物/蒙脫土復(fù)合物中含有Si-O-Si、磺酸基及酰胺基等特征吸收峰,蒙脫土顆粒以微米級(jí)分散在聚合物中,且熱穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)于普通聚合物(不加蒙脫土)。探究了聚合物量、成膠溫度、單體比等因素對(duì)其吸水倍率的影響,其最優(yōu)配方為:聚合物量10wt%;成膠溫度70℃;交聯(lián)劑量0.4%(占聚合物質(zhì)量的百分比);單體比12:2:4;蒙脫土 12.4wt%(占單體質(zhì)量)。復(fù)合凝膠的成膠及應(yīng)用性能表明:同礦化度下,凝膠成膠時(shí)間大小為:NaClMgCl2CaCl2。70℃時(shí),在105mg/L的NaCl中15d仍能保持強(qiáng)度Ⅰ,復(fù)合凝膠穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)于普通凝膠。在礦化度為4×104mg/L的模擬地層水,90℃時(shí)吸水性能最好,可達(dá)18.29 g/g。堵水劑具有良好的油水選擇性。巖心封堵率可達(dá)99%,突破壓力梯度達(dá)109.69 MPa.m-1。將納米SiO_2經(jīng)硅烷偶聯(lián)劑KH-550改性后,利用紅外及XRD等分析表明有亞甲基的伸縮振動(dòng)峰,且其整體物質(zhì)組成和晶體結(jié)構(gòu)未改變。改性后的納米SiO_2在甲苯中的分散穩(wěn)定性也得到了提高。將其引入AM/AMPS/AA共聚物中制得聚合物/SiO_2復(fù)合堵水劑。通過正交試驗(yàn)得到最優(yōu)吸水性能的合成條件為:50mL溶液中,單體比12:2:8;交聯(lián)劑量O.1g;二氧化硅量5wt%(占單體總質(zhì)量)。對(duì)其進(jìn)行脫水性探究,結(jié)果表明:在水環(huán)境中,陽(yáng)離子對(duì)脫水率影響大小為:Al3+Ca2+Na+;礦化度在0.1～5×104mg/L,凝膠在Al3+、Ca2+、Na+中的脫水率分別保持在90%、50%、20%左右。在煤油中,復(fù)合凝膠具有良好油水選擇性,且SiO_2的引入可減緩脫水速率。在空氣條件中,100℃下,普通凝膠和復(fù)合凝膠的脫水反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)分別為0.49、0.52。復(fù)合凝膠的脫水反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù)大于普通凝膠的脫水反應(yīng)級(jí)數(shù),說明SiO_2的加入可使凝膠的熱穩(wěn)定性加強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:Polymer water shutoff agents have been widely used in oilfield development because of their wide applicability and high strength. However, the effects of high temperature and high salinity on water shutoff agents can easily lead to thermal degradation or dehydration. The inorganic water shutoff agent has the advantages of wide raw material, high temperature resistance and strong salt resistance. Therefore, an organic / inorganic compound water shutoff agent is prepared, which has the advantages of both kinds of water shutoff agents. It is of great significance to improve the performance of water shutoff agent. The monomer of AMPS, AM and AAA are 2-acrylamide group and 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid group. AM/AMPS/AA copolymers were synthesized by aqueous solution method. The results show that the molar ratio of monomer to AA is 11: 3: 1. The reaction time was 1.5 h; The initiator dose was 1.2 wtt (account for the total mass of monomers); When the reaction temperature is 45 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1469561