本文關(guān)鍵詞： 超聲波 生物柴油 催化 離子液體 微藻 耦合　出處：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)》2017年17期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：微藻生物柴油能夠解決目前植物原料生物柴油面臨的耕地不足、氣候變化影響產(chǎn)量并引起農(nóng)作物價(jià)格上漲等突出問題,但傳統(tǒng)微藻生物柴油生產(chǎn)過程能源與化學(xué)品消耗大,將微藻油脂的提取-酯交換耦合成一個(gè)單元,具有較大應(yīng)用潛力。該研究采用小球藻、甲醇為原料,離子液體組合物作為提取劑、催化劑,超聲波輔助催化微藻直接提取-酯交換制備生物柴油。考察超聲波頻率、超聲波功率、離子液體類型、離子液體用量、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間、醇油摩爾比等因素對(duì)酯交換率的影響,并與傳統(tǒng)水浴加熱機(jī)械攪拌法比較,結(jié)果表明,超聲波和離子液體對(duì)生物柴油的制備有協(xié)同促進(jìn)作用,離子液體具有催化、提取與增溶的作用,能較好地消除醇油界面接觸,超聲波的引入強(qiáng)化了傳質(zhì)傳熱過程,與傳統(tǒng)加熱方式水浴加熱機(jī)械攪拌法相比,可以縮短酯交換反應(yīng)的時(shí)間,降低反應(yīng)溫度,減少離子液體、甲醇的用量。離子液體[BMIM][HCOO]為提取劑,微藻油脂提取率最高;酸性離子液體催化效果明顯高于堿性離子液體,離子液體[SO3H-BMIM][HSO4]為催化劑,微藻油脂轉(zhuǎn)化率最高。當(dāng)超聲波功率240 W,頻率28 k Hz,甲醇用量和藻粉質(zhì)量比為6 1∶,離子液體組合物和藻粉質(zhì)量比為5 1∶,離子液體[BMIM][HCOO]與[SO3H-BMIM][HSO4]體積比為12∶1,反應(yīng)溫度為50℃,超聲反應(yīng)時(shí)間50 min條件下,生物柴油的轉(zhuǎn)化率可達(dá)69.6%。該方法將離子液體溶解提取性能、催化性能及超聲波的空化效應(yīng)相結(jié)合,將油脂的提取與油脂的轉(zhuǎn)酯化合二為一,不需先從微藻粉中提取油脂,縮短了工藝,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)含油微藻到生物柴油的一步轉(zhuǎn)化。
[Abstract]:Microalgae biodiesel can solve the current plant raw materials biodiesel faced by the lack of arable land climate change affects the output and cause crop prices rise and other outstanding problems. However, the traditional microalgae biodiesel production process consumes a large amount of energy and chemicals, so the extraction and transesterification of microalgae oil can be coupled into a unit, which has great application potential. The study uses Chlorella vulgaris and methanol as raw materials. Ionic liquid composition was used as extractant, catalyst, ultrasonic assisted catalytic direct extraction of microalgae and transesterification to prepare biodiesel. Ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power, type of ionic liquid and amount of ionic liquid were investigated. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of alcohol to oil on the transesterification rate were compared with the traditional water bath heating mechanical stirring method. Ultrasonic and ionic liquids have synergistic effect on the preparation of biodiesel. Ionic liquids can catalyze, extract and solubilize, and can eliminate the interfacial contact between alcohol and oil. Compared with the traditional water bath heating mechanical stirring method, ultrasonic can shorten the time of transesterification, reduce the reaction temperature and reduce the ionic liquid. Amount of methanol; ionic liquids. [BMIM]. [HCOO] as extractant, the extraction rate of microalgae oil was the highest, and the catalytic effect of acidic ionic liquid was obviously higher than that of alkaline ionic liquid. [SO3H-BMIM]. [When the ultrasonic power was 240W, the frequency was 28kHz, the ratio of methanol to alga powder was 61: 1. The mass ratio of ionic liquid composition to algae powder is 5 1: 1, ionic liquid. [BMIM]. [HCOO and. [SO3H-BMIM]. [When the volume ratio of HSO4 was 12: 1, the reaction temperature was 50 鈩，

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