本文關(guān)鍵詞： 碳酸鹽巖 縫洞單元 數(shù)學(xué)模型 物質(zhì)平衡方程 試井分析　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：縫洞型碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層是一種普遍發(fā)育次生裂縫和溶洞的特殊儲(chǔ)層空間,其滲流機(jī)理與常規(guī)碎屑巖儲(chǔ)層有較大區(qū)別,因此使用常規(guī)解析試井方法并不適合對(duì)其進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)分析。本論文充分考慮塔河油田碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層特點(diǎn),從地質(zhì)概念模型出發(fā),著眼于整個(gè)縫洞單元物質(zhì)平衡關(guān)系,不再用連續(xù)介質(zhì)場(chǎng)方法描述縫洞型儲(chǔ)層,建立了描述注水壓降試井過(guò)程井底壓力變化的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式。并通過(guò)殘差分析法和圖解法求取了表達(dá)式中各個(gè)參數(shù),分析了不同參數(shù)對(duì)縫洞型儲(chǔ)層注水壓降試井曲線形態(tài)的影響。并運(yùn)用所得成果,分析了塔河油田12區(qū)2010年至2014年的注水壓降試井資料,求出單井控制的儲(chǔ)集體體積、裂縫系統(tǒng)等效滲透率等相關(guān)參數(shù),為后期注水替油失效井治理提供了理論依據(jù)。通過(guò)與實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),使用本文研究成果對(duì)油藏動(dòng)態(tài)分析所得到的結(jié)果具有較高精度。本文在研究過(guò)程中取得了如下成果： (1)通過(guò)對(duì)塔河油田碳酸巖儲(chǔ)層的地質(zhì)資料及相關(guān)生產(chǎn)數(shù)據(jù)的分析得出塔河油田縫洞型碳酸巖儲(chǔ)層主要是由裂縫、溶洞和幾乎不具有孔滲性的基巖組成的多重介質(zhì),該種多重介質(zhì)在空間上具有強(qiáng)烈的非連續(xù)性； (2)通過(guò)分析塔河油田典型井注水壓降試井資料,得出了塔河油田碳酸鹽巖儲(chǔ)層注水壓降試井過(guò)程中壓力損耗主要在關(guān)井初期,關(guān)井初期壓力隨時(shí)間變化速率快,體現(xiàn)在試井曲線中表現(xiàn)為關(guān)井初期曲線切線斜率大。而后期壓力隨時(shí)間的變化率逐漸減小,在試井曲線中表現(xiàn)為曲線斜率逐漸減小,最終趨近于零的特征。觀察縫洞型碳酸鹽巖注水壓降試井曲線形態(tài)與傳統(tǒng)雙重介質(zhì)解析試井理論曲線形態(tài)有較大差異,主要表現(xiàn)為實(shí)測(cè)壓降試井?dāng)?shù)據(jù)在半對(duì)數(shù)圖上不顯示出明顯竄流段也觀察不到平行直線段,有別于常規(guī)雙重介質(zhì)試井結(jié)果,反映了在井底附近存在非均質(zhì)裂縫和不連續(xù)溶洞,說(shuō)明塔河油田縫洞型油藏儲(chǔ)集體滲透性分布的強(qiáng)非均質(zhì)性及儲(chǔ)集體的非連續(xù)性； (3)通過(guò)對(duì)常規(guī)解析試井分析方法中連續(xù)介質(zhì)場(chǎng)理論適用條件的調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),由于常規(guī)油藏?cái)?shù)值模擬軟件所使用的數(shù)學(xué)模型存在對(duì)地層簡(jiǎn)化程度過(guò)高,描述縫洞單元的數(shù)據(jù)體精度不夠等原因,導(dǎo)致不能準(zhǔn)確模擬縫洞型儲(chǔ)層的注水壓降曲線。即便使用均勻裂縫連續(xù)介質(zhì)模型,也因?yàn)閷?duì)裂縫系統(tǒng)展布規(guī)律的過(guò)度簡(jiǎn)化,導(dǎo)致難以準(zhǔn)確模擬實(shí)際縫洞型碳酸鹽巖油藏注水壓降過(guò)程； (4)提出了裂縫—溶洞型非連續(xù)介質(zhì)注水壓降試井資料的分析方法,分析計(jì)算了各單井控制的縫洞單元體積及裂縫滲流能力等指標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Fracture and cavernous carbonate reservoir is a kind of special reservoir space where secondary fractures and caverns are widely developed, and its percolation mechanism is quite different from that of conventional clastic rock reservoirs. Therefore, the conventional analytical well testing method is not suitable for dynamic analysis. This paper fully considers the characteristics of carbonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield, starting from the geological concept model. Focusing on the material balance relation of the whole fracture-cavity unit, the continuous medium field method is no longer used to describe the fracture-cavity reservoir. A mathematical expression describing the change of bottom hole pressure in the process of water injection pressure drop test is established, and the parameters in the expression are obtained by residual analysis method and graphic method. This paper analyzes the influence of different parameters on the shape of injection pressure drop well test curve in fractured and cavernous reservoir, and analyzes the injection pressure drop well test data from 2010 to 2014 in Tahe Oilfield from 2010 to 2014 using the obtained results. The relative parameters such as reservoir volume controlled by single well, equivalent permeability of fracture system and so on are obtained, which provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of oil failure wells with water injection in the later stage, and are found by comparison with actual data. The results obtained in this paper have high accuracy for reservoir performance analysis. In the course of the research, the following results have been obtained: 1) through the analysis of geological data and related production data of carbonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield, it is concluded that fracture is the main type of carbonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield. There is strong discontinuity in the space between the cavern and the multilayer medium consisting of the bedrock which has almost no porosity and permeability. 2) by analyzing the test data of water injection pressure drop in typical wells in Tahe Oilfield, it is concluded that the pressure loss of water injection pressure drop well in carbonate reservoir of Tahe Oilfield is mainly in the early stage of shutoff. The change rate of the initial pressure with time is fast, which is reflected in the well test curve, which shows that the tangent slope of the initial curve is large, while the rate of change of the later pressure decreases with time. In the well test curve, the slope of the curve gradually decreases, and finally approaches to zero. The observation of fracture-cavity carbonate injection pressure drop curve shape and the traditional dual medium analytical well test theory curve shape is quite different. The main performance is that the measured pressure drop well test data do not show obvious channeling section nor parallel straight line section on the semi-logarithmic diagram, which is different from the conventional dual medium well test results. It reflects the existence of heterogeneous fractures and discontinuous caverns near the bottom of the well, which indicates the strong heterogeneity of reservoir permeability distribution and the discontinuity of reservoir mass in the fracture-cavity reservoir of Tahe Oilfield. Through the investigation of the application conditions of continuum field theory in the conventional analytical well testing analysis method, it is found that the mathematical model used in the conventional reservoir numerical simulation software has a high degree of simplification to the formation. The data volume accuracy of the fracture-cavity unit is not accurate enough to accurately simulate the water-injection pressure drop curve of the fracture-cavity reservoir, even if the uniform fracture continuum model is used. It is also difficult to accurately simulate the process of water injection pressure drop in the actual fractured carbonate reservoir because of the over-simplification of the distribution law of fracture system. (4) the analysis method of pressure drop test data of fracture-cavern discontinuous medium is put forward, and the volume of fracture-cavity unit and fracture percolation ability controlled by each single well are analyzed and calculated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE353

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