本文關(guān)鍵詞： 長(zhǎng)輸管道 腐蝕防護(hù)系統(tǒng) 動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)方法 支持向量機(jī) 集對(duì)理論 權(quán)重計(jì)算方法　出處：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：長(zhǎng)輸管道由于腐蝕引起的事故危害性特別嚴(yán)重,故針對(duì)管道腐蝕相關(guān)的安全管理和維護(hù)變得越來(lái)越重要。管道的腐蝕與防護(hù)是長(zhǎng)輸管道完整性管理的核心組成部份,對(duì)其系統(tǒng)的安全性評(píng)價(jià)是實(shí)現(xiàn)管道完整性管理的基礎(chǔ)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)有關(guān)基于客觀數(shù)據(jù)分析和融合的管道腐蝕防護(hù)系統(tǒng)適用性綜合安全評(píng)價(jià)方法還處于起步階段。加之,系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)性特點(diǎn),以及靜態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)方法的局限性,其相關(guān)的評(píng)價(jià)方法研究都具有相對(duì)主觀性較強(qiáng),時(shí)效性、適應(yīng)性和有效性考慮不足等片面性的情況。因此、論文系統(tǒng)研究了運(yùn)用客觀數(shù)據(jù)分析和融合為基礎(chǔ)的管道腐蝕防護(hù)系統(tǒng)安全性分級(jí)、綜合和動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)方法及理論應(yīng)用,這對(duì)管道腐蝕防護(hù)系統(tǒng)的安全性評(píng)價(jià)及完整性管理的決策具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義。通過(guò)對(duì)管道腐蝕類(lèi)型分類(lèi),以及相關(guān)電化學(xué)腐蝕機(jī)理的分析,結(jié)合長(zhǎng)輸管道常見(jiàn)腐蝕因素,建立了長(zhǎng)輸管道腐蝕防護(hù)失效事故樹(shù),為構(gòu)造長(zhǎng)輸管道腐蝕防護(hù)系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系提供了依據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)長(zhǎng)輸管道外腐蝕突出的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量、理化性質(zhì)和檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析,進(jìn)行了土壤腐蝕、雜散電流腐蝕、陰極保護(hù)、防腐層保護(hù)的權(quán)重集研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)輸管道的安全性分級(jí)和動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)。對(duì)于土壤腐蝕評(píng)價(jià),以往土壤腐蝕等級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)中不同方法所偏重的突出影響因素不同,對(duì)不同地域條件下方法的適應(yīng)性和有效性考慮不足,存在著評(píng)價(jià)的可靠性不高、時(shí)效性較差等問(wèn)題。由于不同地域條件下土壤腐蝕多因素影響也不同的動(dòng)態(tài)性特點(diǎn),以及檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)存在冗余性、異常性,研究提出了粗糙集-決策樹(shù)-支持向量機(jī)(RS-DT-SVM)組合方法的土壤腐蝕等級(jí)動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)檢驗(yàn)效果分析來(lái)看,RS-DT-SVM在多因素控制系統(tǒng)的評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)分析中具有相對(duì)優(yōu)越性。對(duì)于雜散電流腐蝕評(píng)價(jià),利用拉普拉斯方程建立雜散電流腐蝕狀態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)模型,并結(jié)合Comsol有限元軟件進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,驗(yàn)證了雜散電流與土壤電阻率成反比,與管地電勢(shì)之間成正比的關(guān)系,為雜散電流腐蝕強(qiáng)度評(píng)價(jià)提供了相應(yīng)的理論依據(jù)。結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),給出了其與土壤電位梯度,管地位偏移的關(guān)系和評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)范圍。對(duì)于陰極保護(hù)評(píng)價(jià),利用陰極保護(hù)準(zhǔn)則作為間接測(cè)量的方法進(jìn)行了有效性的分析評(píng)價(jià),提出了一種計(jì)算陰極保護(hù)系統(tǒng)平均IR降的判定方法,該方法比現(xiàn)有的測(cè)量平均IR降的方法簡(jiǎn)單。利用此平均IR降加上各區(qū)段管道測(cè)試樁測(cè)量的通電電位,可估計(jì)管道實(shí)際通電電位是否符合陰保準(zhǔn)則,為管道陰極保護(hù)系統(tǒng)完整性管理及評(píng)價(jià)提供參考依據(jù)。對(duì)于防腐層保護(hù)評(píng)價(jià),針對(duì)不同防腐層采用檢測(cè)方法不同。依據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和準(zhǔn)則,得到了防腐層開(kāi)挖和非開(kāi)挖情況下的分級(jí)指標(biāo)體系和評(píng)價(jià)方法。針對(duì)靜態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)方法的不足研究了防腐層劣化趨勢(shì)的動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)價(jià),構(gòu)建了一種集對(duì)(SPA)狀態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)和馬爾科夫鏈趨勢(shì)分析于一體的防腐層安全性動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)方法。該方法通過(guò)檢測(cè)大數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)例驗(yàn)證,能對(duì)防腐層的安全水平進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)價(jià),提高了防腐層劣化趨勢(shì)評(píng)價(jià)能力,為管道維護(hù)提供了決策性的理論依據(jù)。對(duì)于分級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)方法,為減少主觀因素,增加客觀因素分析的針對(duì)性,結(jié)合各指標(biāo)因素的特點(diǎn),綜合利用實(shí)際客觀的檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)粗糙集和熵權(quán)計(jì)算法的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn),將兩種方法組合進(jìn)行權(quán)重的計(jì)算和驗(yàn)證,提高了系統(tǒng)權(quán)重計(jì)算確定時(shí)的應(yīng)用性和可靠性。然后再利用集對(duì)理論聚類(lèi)分析方法,根據(jù)各自指標(biāo)因素特征,建立具有針對(duì)性的聯(lián)系度應(yīng)用模型來(lái)進(jìn)行分級(jí)評(píng)價(jià),提高了分級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)的適用性,為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系權(quán)重分析和分級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)提供指導(dǎo)。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有長(zhǎng)輸管道綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法應(yīng)用有效性不足,適用性差的問(wèn)題,提出利用集對(duì)理論多元聯(lián)系數(shù)的分析思想,將腐蝕和防護(hù)指標(biāo)體系與評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)組成集對(duì),并根據(jù)指標(biāo)特征建立有針對(duì)性的腐蝕態(tài)勢(shì)和防護(hù)態(tài)勢(shì)的四元聯(lián)系度關(guān)系式,從而可考慮到指標(biāo)之間的聯(lián)系,達(dá)到對(duì)管道的腐蝕態(tài)勢(shì)和防護(hù)性態(tài)勢(shì)兩方面聯(lián)系的綜合評(píng)價(jià)。該方法可反映出各管段的腐蝕和防護(hù)分級(jí),找出重點(diǎn)的腐蝕防護(hù)區(qū)域,為綜合掌握管道腐蝕與防護(hù)態(tài)勢(shì)的危險(xiǎn)等級(jí)提供了技術(shù)依據(jù),提高了長(zhǎng)輸管道綜合評(píng)價(jià)的適用性和合理性。為了能合理描述系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)性的特點(diǎn),運(yùn)用集對(duì)理論的集對(duì)勢(shì)進(jìn)行了管道腐蝕與防護(hù)趨勢(shì)優(yōu)劣性的動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)價(jià),提出了相關(guān)動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)方法,發(fā)揮了綜合評(píng)價(jià)的意義,為管道腐蝕防護(hù)系統(tǒng)安全性評(píng)價(jià)提供了技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。采用實(shí)際現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),包括土壤腐蝕數(shù)據(jù)48組,管道腐蝕防護(hù)系統(tǒng)綜合數(shù)據(jù)6組,共計(jì)54組,通過(guò)2個(gè)一級(jí)指標(biāo)因素,4個(gè)二級(jí)指標(biāo)因素,20個(gè)三級(jí)指標(biāo)因素對(duì)上述各評(píng)價(jià)方法進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,其開(kāi)挖結(jié)果表明各評(píng)價(jià)方法具有一定的實(shí)用性和有效性。應(yīng)用論文中的安全性評(píng)價(jià)方法,可根據(jù)實(shí)際環(huán)境的特點(diǎn),動(dòng)態(tài)的適應(yīng)性評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)的安全性能,這對(duì)長(zhǎng)輸管道腐蝕防護(hù)系統(tǒng)的安全性評(píng)價(jià)研究具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:Long pipeline accidents caused due to corrosion damage is particularly serious, so the safety management for pipeline corrosion related and maintenance becomes more and more important. The corrosion and protection of pipeline is the core of pipeline integrity management part, to evaluate the safety of the system is based on the implementation of pipeline integrity management at home and abroad on. The objective data analysis system of corrosion protection and fusion pipeline applicable comprehensive safety evaluation method is still in the initial stage. Based on the coupled with the system dynamic characteristic, and the limitations of the static evaluation method, the evaluation methods of research have relatively strong subjectivity, timeliness, lack of adaptability and effectiveness of one-sided consideration. Therefore, this dissertation has systematically studied the use of objective data analysis and fusion based pipeline corrosion safety protection system of classification, comprehensive and dynamic evaluation method The theory and application, has important theoretical and practical significance of the pipeline corrosion protection system safety assessment and integrity management decision. Through the classification of pipeline corrosion types, and analysis of electrochemical corrosion mechanism, combining with the common corrosion factors of pipeline, a failure fault tree of pipeline corrosion protection, provide the standard for constructing the evaluation index system of long distance pipeline corrosion protection system. According to the characteristics of pipeline corrosion prominent, combined with field measurement, analysis of properties and test data, the soil corrosion, stray current corrosion, cathodic protection, corrosion protection layer set of weights, realize the safety classification of long distance the pipeline and dynamic evaluation for soil corrosion factors, to highlight the impact of different methods of soil corrosion grade evaluation on different conditions of the domain under different methods Lack of adaptability and effectiveness, there are the evaluation of reliability is not high, the problem of poor timeliness. The dynamic characteristic of soil corrosion factors due to different geographical conditions have different effects, redundancy, and detection of abnormal data, the research proposed the rough set and decision tree support vector machine (RS-DT-SVM) evaluation of soil corrosivity dynamic combination method. According to the test result analysis, RS-DT-SVM has the relative superiority in the evaluation level of multi factor analysis of control system. The evaluation for stray current corrosion, stray current corrosion using the mathematical model established the Laplasse equation, and the simulation experiment data combined with Comsol finite element software, verify the stray the current and the soil resistivity is inversely proportional to the relationship between pipe and ground potential is proportional to the corresponding theory, provides for the stray current corrosion strength evaluation On the basis of. Combined with relevant standards at home and abroad, and gives the soil potential gradient, pipe position offset relationship and range of evaluation index. Evaluation for cathodic protection, using cathodic protection standards as the indirect measurement method of effectiveness evaluation, put forward a calculation of the average IR cathodic protection system drop determination method, method the method is better than the existing IR measuring the average drop. By using this simple average IR with each section of pipe testing on potential pile measurement, can be estimated through the electric potential is consistent with the actual pipeline cathodic protection criteria for cathodic protection system of pipeline integrity management and provide reference for evaluation. Evaluation of anticorrosion coatings. In view of the different coatings using different detection methods. Based on the domestic and foreign relevant standards and norms, the anticorrosion layer excavation and non hierarchical index system and evaluation method under the condition of excavation in the static. Dynamic evaluation evaluation method to study the state of lack of coating deterioration trend, construct a set of (SPA) coating safety dynamic evaluation method of condition evaluation and trend analysis of Markov chain in one. The detection method by examples of big data validation, can dynamically evaluate the safety level of the anticorrosion layer, improve the corrosion evaluation of deterioration trend, the theoretical basis for decision-making for pipeline maintenance. The classification evaluation method, to reduce the subjective factors and objective factors for analysis, combined with the characteristics of each index, the detection data of actual objective comprehensive utilization, application characteristics calculation method based on rough set theory and entropy the two methods combined calculation and verification of weight, improve system reliability and weight calculation application determined. Then the set theory of cluster analysis method, according to their respective Factors of characteristics, to establish a connection for the application of the model for grade evaluation, improve the applicability of classification evaluation, provide guidance for the evaluation of the evaluation index system of weights analysis and classification. In view of the existing comprehensive evaluation method of long distance pipeline application effectiveness, the problem of poor applicability, the analysis thought of set theory multi contact number, the corrosion and protection of the index system and the evaluation grade set of components, and according to the characteristics of the establishment of the index of the corrosion situation and protection situation of four yuan of relation, which can take into account the link between indicators, comprehensive evaluation of two aspects to the corrosion situation of the pipeline and the protection of the contact situation. This method can reflect the pipe corrosion and protection grade, find the key regional corrosion protection, comprehensive grasp the dangerous situation of pipeline corrosion and protection grade of the offer The technical basis, improve the comprehensive evaluation of long distance pipeline and the applicability and rationality. In order to reasonably describe the characteristics of the dynamic system, the use of Set Pair Theory in the dynamic evaluation of pipeline corrosion and protection trends of potential advantages and disadvantages, puts forward relevant dynamic evaluation method, comprehensive evaluation of the significance of play, provided technical guidance for pipeline corrosion protection system safety evaluation. The testing data of the actual scene, including the soil corrosion data of 48 groups, pipeline corrosion protection system of comprehensive data of 6 groups, a total of 54 groups, the 2 level indicators, 4 level two indexes, 20 level three indexes to verify the various factors the evaluation method, the excavation results show that the evaluation method is practical and effective. The safety evaluation methods applied in this thesis, according to the characteristics of the actual environment, the dynamic adaptability evaluation system. It is of great practical significance to study the safety evaluation of long distance pipeline corrosion protection system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE988.2
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本文編號(hào)：1449287