發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-06 10:04

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：淺層稠油蒸汽吞吐井套管柱應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì)與安全適用性技術(shù)研究　出處：《中國石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 稠油 熱采井 套管柱 應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì) 設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則

【摘要】：在西部淺層稠油蒸汽吞吐熱采井中,雖然逐步完善的套管柱強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)理論使套損得到一定遏制,但隨吞吐輪次的增加,套損最終發(fā)生,而且使西部油田套損率不斷增加。此外,無熱采工況下套管適用性技術(shù),也是套損率增加的另一主因。因此,改善套管柱設(shè)計(jì)和選材水平,增強(qiáng)管柱安全適用性,避免套損,提高吞吐作業(yè)輪次,增加生產(chǎn)效益,對于這種低效稠油開發(fā)是至關(guān)重要的。本文采用材料試驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)、全尺寸工況模擬試驗(yàn)、理論分析與數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算等方法相結(jié)合,研究了熱采井套管適用性技術(shù)、時(shí)域性變形規(guī)律、預(yù)應(yīng)力固井技術(shù)的適用性以及套管應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì)方法等問題,給出了相應(yīng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)、適用性評(píng)價(jià)方法和應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì)理論方法,并形成中華人民共和國石油天然氣行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),為稠油熱采井套管柱設(shè)計(jì)和安全適用性提供了技術(shù)依據(jù),并在現(xiàn)場8口蒸汽吞吐熱采井中獲得成功應(yīng)用,證實(shí)本文即有理論先進(jìn)性,又有工程實(shí)用性。具體研究工作和得到結(jié)論如下:(1)建立了高溫下套管強(qiáng)度模型和套管蠕變本構(gòu)模型,并給出高溫下套管強(qiáng)度性能變化的推薦值和最低限蠕變速率變化曲線。熱采套管管體和接箍必須采用高匹配設(shè)計(jì),管體允許在均勻變形范圍內(nèi)塑性變形,接箍不允許塑性變形。管體在室溫下的均勻延伸率,對80ksi鋼級(jí)最低為8%,對90ksi鋼級(jí)最低為7%。提出了熱采套管需要綜合考慮材料強(qiáng)度、形變能力來適應(yīng)熱采工況,明確API標(biāo)準(zhǔn)N80套管不適用于稠油熱采。(2)考慮“地層-水泥環(huán)-套管”熱力耦合模型進(jìn)行數(shù)值計(jì)算,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨蒸汽吞吐輪次的增加,套管柱所受應(yīng)力基本不變,但套管柱的變形不斷增加,說明熱采井套管柱變形具有隨時(shí)間同步遞增的規(guī)律。與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果對比,進(jìn)一步證實(shí)稠油熱采井套管柱強(qiáng)度均在安全應(yīng)力范圍內(nèi),但管柱實(shí)際變形量卻不斷累積,直至超出允許的變形范圍,發(fā)生套管損壞。這種時(shí)域性變形規(guī)律,正是稠油熱采井套管套損大量發(fā)生的根本原因。因此,在稠油熱采井套管柱設(shè)計(jì)中,僅考慮管柱強(qiáng)度滿足要求是不夠的,必須考慮套管柱高溫蠕變帶來的應(yīng)變累積,即綜合考慮應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度和應(yīng)變變形進(jìn)行稠油熱采井套管柱設(shè)計(jì)。(3)套管預(yù)應(yīng)力模擬試驗(yàn)說明套管在長期高溫下會(huì)出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力松弛現(xiàn)象,即在稠油熱采井中所施加的預(yù)應(yīng)力,經(jīng)過一定時(shí)間后會(huì)降低,且API標(biāo)準(zhǔn)N80套管比熱采80H套管應(yīng)力降低更小,最終預(yù)應(yīng)力失效。施加預(yù)應(yīng)力雖會(huì)使套管所受Mises應(yīng)力和Mises應(yīng)變都降低,對套管起到了一定的保護(hù)作用,但這種保護(hù)會(huì)隨時(shí)間的延長而消失,最長35天后消失。這也正說明了稠油注蒸汽熱采井套損多發(fā)生在注蒸汽2輪之后的原因。故建議在淺層稠油熱采井中不采用提拉預(yù)應(yīng)力固井技術(shù)。(4)結(jié)合油田作業(yè)工況,利用全尺寸實(shí)物加載試驗(yàn)設(shè)備,建立了稠油蒸汽熱采井套管柱適用性評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù),即首先通過上卸扣試驗(yàn)確定套管抗粘扣性能,后通過恒位移試驗(yàn)測定套管柱熱應(yīng)力,確定氣密封試驗(yàn)的拉伸/壓縮循環(huán)載荷,然后結(jié)合吞吐輪次進(jìn)行10或更多周次的拉伸/壓縮循環(huán)氣密封試驗(yàn),或考慮彎曲載荷的多周次拉伸/壓縮循環(huán)氣密封試驗(yàn),確定套管柱密封完整性,最后進(jìn)行拉伸至失效試驗(yàn)測定套管柱結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度,確定套管接箍是否高匹配。并建議在稠油蒸汽熱采定向井或水平井中,在直井段推薦選用偏梯形+內(nèi)平設(shè)計(jì)螺紋套管,其余井段選用氣密封螺紋套管,既保證套管柱的結(jié)構(gòu)和密封完整性,又可降低套管成本。同時(shí),基于試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)擬合修正了ISO/TR10400標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的KT計(jì)算公式,使其更適用于高鋼級(jí)套管。(5)結(jié)合試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,利用彈塑性力學(xué)理論,建立了套管柱應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì)模型,并通過套管材料應(yīng)變與結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)變對比給出了應(yīng)變安全系數(shù)最小取值,明確應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì)的判據(jù),最終形成套管柱應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì)方法。同時(shí),明確提出了套管柱應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì)是在套管柱強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的,即套管柱設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)首先進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì),強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)合格后,再進(jìn)行應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì)。應(yīng)變設(shè)計(jì)方法在西部油田8口稠油熱采井中獲得成功應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:In the shallow heavy oil steam injection wells, the casing the casing strength design theory and gradually perfect to get some curb but with the increase of steam stimulation cycles, casing damage has finally happened, and make the casing damage rate was increased. In addition, no thermal recovery technology for casing under the condition of casing damage is the rate of increase of another reason. Therefore, to improve the design of casing string and material level, enhance the column safety applicability, avoid casing damage, improve work throughput rounds, increase production efficiency, is of vital importance to the development of heavy oil. This paper adopts the inefficient evaluation by material test, full-scale simulation test, the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation study of technology for thermal recovery wells, deformation law of time domain, the problem of pre-stressed cementing technology and applicability of casing strain method, gives the corresponding technical indicators, The applicability of the evaluation method and design theory and method of strain, the formation of People's Republic of China oil and gas industry standards, mining applicability of casing string design and safety provides a technical basis for heavy oil heat, and in the field of 8 steam thermal recovery wells successfully applied, this paper has confirmed the advanced theory and practical engineering. The detailed research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) to establish the model of casing strength under high temperature and creep constitutive model of casing, and given the high temperature performance of casing strength changes the recommended value and the minimum creep rate curve. The tube and collar must be used for the matching design of thermal recovery casing tube allowed in uniform deformation within the range of plastic deformation, the coupling is not allowed plastic deformation. The tube at room temperature, the uniform elongation of 80ksi steel, the lowest level was 8%, the lowest level of 90ksi steel 7%. proposed comprehensive thermal recovery casing Considering the material strength and deformation ability to adapt to the thermal recovery conditions, clear the API standard N80 casing is not suitable for thermal recovery of heavy oil. (2) consider the "stratum cement casing" coupled thermo mechanical model for numerical calculation, it was found that with the increase of steam stimulation cycles, the casing stress is basically unchanged, but the deformation of casing string increase in the description of thermal recovery wells casing deformation with time synchronous increasing law. Compared with test results, further confirmed that the heavy oil thermal recovery wells casing strength in the safe range of stress, but Guan Zhu is the actual deformation accumulation and exceeds the allowable range of deformation, deformation of casing damages. Time domain this law, is the root causes of a large number of well casing damage in heavy oil thermal recovery. Therefore, the thermal recovery of heavy oil well casing string design, considering only the string strength meet the requirements is not enough, must consider the creep of casing The strain accumulation, namely considering the stress intensity and strain deformation of heavy oil thermal recovery well casing string design. (3) casing prestressed simulation test shows that the casing stress relaxation phenomenon will appear under the high temperature, which is applied in prestressed in heavy oil heat, after a certain time can be reduced, and the API the standard N80 80H casing heat stress reduced smaller, eventually prestressed prestressed failure. Although the cause of casing under Mises stress and Mises strain are reduced to a protective effect on the casing, but the protection will disappear with the extension of time, the longest 35 days after it disappeared. The causes of steam injection after 2 rounds of casing damage of heavy oil steam injection. The thermal recovery of heavy oil in shallow layers in the well cementing technology of prestressed pull not used. (4) combined with the working conditions of oil, the full-scale loading test Set up equipment, heavy oil thermal recovery well casing string applicability evaluation technology, firstly through the shackle test to determine the anti galling property of casing, through constant displacement test of casing thermal stress, tensile / compressive cyclic loading test of gas seal, and then combined with the throughput of 10 or more times a week round of stretching the compression cycle / gas seal test, or considering the bending load multi cycle tension / compression cycle gas seal test, to determine the integrity of the casing seal, finally to tensile failure test determination of structural strength of casing, the casing collar is high, OK. And suggestions in heavy oil thermal recovery wells or horizontal wells in the direction. Straight wells recommended buttress thread casing + design, other wells selects sealing thread casing, both to ensure the structure of casing string and seal integrity, but also can reduce the cost of casing. At the same time, based on the test The data fitting and correction in ISO/TR10400 standard KT formula, which is more suitable for high grade steel casing. (5) according to the experimental results, using elastic-plastic mechanics theory, a strain of casing string design model, and through the material and structure of casing strain strain contrast gives strain minimum safety coefficient value, clear strain criterion design, and ultimately the formation of casing strain method. At the same time, clearly put forward the design of casing strain is based on casing strength design, namely the design of casing string should be the first strength design, strength design is qualified, then strain wells design. Design method of strain in the western oilfield 8 heavy oil thermal recovery the success of the application.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE931.2

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