發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-02 17:19

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：加氫改質(zhì)空冷風(fēng)機(jī)故障問(wèn)題分析及改造　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 空冷風(fēng)機(jī) 故障問(wèn)題 有限元分析 應(yīng)力集中 解決措施

【摘要】：克拉瑪依石化公司120萬(wàn)噸/年柴油加氫改質(zhì)裝置自2012年11月投產(chǎn)以來(lái),空冷風(fēng)機(jī)接連出現(xiàn)U型螺栓斷裂、葉片軸斷裂、葉片斷裂、風(fēng)機(jī)軸磨損等諸多故障,嚴(yán)重影響到裝置的安全平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。本論文針對(duì)以上故障問(wèn)題開(kāi)展研究分析,運(yùn)用相關(guān)力學(xué)理論對(duì)風(fēng)機(jī)的葉片軸強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行了校核計(jì)算,通過(guò)有限元軟件Abaqus對(duì)風(fēng)機(jī)葉片、葉片軸和U型螺栓進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)部均存在高應(yīng)力集中區(qū),這些高應(yīng)力區(qū)域與工程中的故障失效形式吻合。對(duì)風(fēng)機(jī)葉片進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)葉片第四階固有頻率與風(fēng)機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)激振頻率接近,是引起風(fēng)機(jī)葉片共振加速風(fēng)機(jī)故障失效的原因之一；U型螺栓的斷裂主要是基于葉片安裝時(shí)U型螺栓預(yù)緊力不足使其長(zhǎng)期在松弛狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行造成的疲勞斷裂,而U型螺栓內(nèi)部存在較高的應(yīng)力區(qū)域、風(fēng)機(jī)葉片共振等外部因素加速了其斷裂進(jìn)程；風(fēng)機(jī)軸系設(shè)計(jì)單薄、葉片共振、軸系螺栓尺寸偏小預(yù)緊力不足,造成軸承座螺栓松動(dòng)后葉片撞擊風(fēng)筒壁是葉片及葉片軸斷裂的主要原因；風(fēng)機(jī)軸承設(shè)計(jì)高度不足,軸承座設(shè)計(jì)單薄,是風(fēng)機(jī)軸承跑內(nèi)圈、轉(zhuǎn)軸磨損的主要原因。最后通過(guò)將直徑(?)3658mm風(fēng)機(jī)U型螺栓更換為夾板式固定螺栓、其余型號(hào)風(fēng)機(jī)將葉片軸一階定位改造為二階雙向定位、嚴(yán)格規(guī)范葉片安裝角度及螺栓預(yù)緊力等措施,有效地解決了直徑(?) 3658mm風(fēng)機(jī)U型螺栓斷裂問(wèn)題；所有空冷風(fēng)機(jī)將分體式軸承改為整體集裝式軸系有效地解決了軸承“跑內(nèi)圈”、葉片和葉片軸的斷裂問(wèn)題；5臺(tái)直徑(?)3658mm風(fēng)機(jī)增加變頻避免共振頻率產(chǎn)生,更好地優(yōu)化了風(fēng)機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。綜合以上故障分析認(rèn)為各故障之間存在相互影響的關(guān)系,但軸系改造是解決所有故障問(wèn)題最核心的措施,通過(guò)技術(shù)改造,有效地解決了空冷風(fēng)機(jī)運(yùn)行中的重大安全隱患問(wèn)題,為空冷機(jī)組的安全、穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ),取得了很好的改造效果。
[Abstract]:Since the 1.2 million ton / year diesel hydrogenation upgrading unit of Karamay Petrochemical Company was put into operation in November 2012, U-type bolts, blade shafts and blades have been broken successively in the air cooler. Fan shaft wear and other failures seriously affect the safe and stable operation of the device. This paper carries out research and analysis on the above faults and uses the relevant mechanics theory to check and calculate the blade shaft strength of the fan. The finite element software Abaqus is used to analyze the fan blade, blade shaft and U-bolt statically, and it is found that there is a high stress concentration zone inside the fan blade. The modal analysis of the fan blade shows that the 4th order natural frequency of the blade is close to that of the rotating excitation frequency of the fan. It is one of the causes of fan blade resonance acceleration fan failure. The fracture of U-bolt is mainly based on the fatigue fracture caused by the insufficient pre-tightening force of U-bolt when the blade is installed, and there is a high stress region inside the U-bolt. The fracture process is accelerated by external factors such as fan blade resonance. The main reason of blade and blade shaft fracture is that the design of fan shaft system is thin, the blade resonance and the size of shaft bolt are not enough, which results in the blade impingement on the wind cylinder wall after the bolt of bearing seat is loosened. Fan bearing design height is insufficient, bearing seat design is thin, is the main cause of fan bearing running inner ring, shaft wear. The U-type bolts of 3658mm fan are replaced by clamped plate fixed bolts, and the other type fans transform the first order positioning of the blade shaft into second order bidirectional positioning, and strictly regulate the installation angle of the blade and the pretightening force of the bolt. Effectively solve the diameter? (3 658 mm fan U bolt fracture; All the air cooling machines change the split bearing into the integral assembly shaft system effectively solve the problem of "running inner ring", blade and blade shaft fracture of the bearing; 5 sets of diameters? By increasing the frequency conversion to avoid resonance frequency, the operating state of the fan is better optimized. Based on the above fault analysis, it is concluded that there is a mutual influence relationship between the faults. But shafting transformation is the most important measure to solve all the trouble problems. Through technical transformation, it effectively solves the major hidden safety problem in the operation of air-cooled air turbine, which is the safety of air-cooled units. Stable operation laid a good foundation, and achieved a very good transformation effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TE96

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