生物炭對植物生長發(fā)育及鎘吸收的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-12 13:16
【摘要】：近年來，隨著城市化和工農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，土壤、水體和大氣的重金屬污染日益加劇。我國一些糧食、蔬菜及藥用植物種植區(qū)正遭受重金屬污染的巨大威脅，鎘污染問題尤為嚴(yán)重，鎘超標(biāo)事件時有發(fā)生，直接危害人體健康。食用藥用植物與人類生活及健康關(guān)系十分密切，因此，研究蔬菜、藥用植物在重金屬污染環(huán)境中的安全生產(chǎn)及污染治理具有重要的科學(xué)價值和現(xiàn)實意義。生物炭(Biochar)具有眾多優(yōu)良特性，以往研究表明生物炭可影響土壤中重金屬的形態(tài)和遷移行為，在土壤改良和污染修復(fù)上優(yōu)勢顯著，但在生產(chǎn)上能多大程度上降低重金屬污染、應(yīng)用潛力及如何應(yīng)用，，目前還不夠清晰。 為評價生物炭對蔬菜、藥用植物的生長和減輕重金屬污染的作用，分析生物炭的最佳使用量，本研究分別選用根菜類蘿卜(Raphanus sativus L.)和葉菜類小青菜(Brassicachinensis L.)、水生多用途植物荷花'太空蓮36'(Nelumbo nucifera 'Taikong Lian36')和陸生藥用植物丹參(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)為材料，添加五個炭土重量比的不同粒徑生物炭到人工鎘污染的土壤中進(jìn)行盆栽實驗，主要結(jié)果如下： (1)添加生物炭可明顯促進(jìn)圓蘿卜和小青菜、荷花和丹參的生長發(fā)育，其葉片長勢明顯優(yōu)于對照，株高和鮮重都有顯著增加(P 0.05)，有效地減少了鎘造成的脅迫傷害。生物炭對植物根冠比的影響明顯且存在一定規(guī)律：添加生物炭更有利于促進(jìn)圓蘿卜根的膨大和小青菜葉的生長；顯著增加荷花地下部的生長和蓮藕膨大。這說明土壤添加生物炭在一定程度上提高了植物主要食用部分的產(chǎn)量。植物生長不受生物炭的粒徑大小影響，但同添加比例存在顯著聯(lián)系。 (2)添加鎘使4種植物產(chǎn)生明顯的生理脅迫，但是添加生物炭的不同比例對鎘脅迫的緩解作用不顯著。尤其是荷花和丹參，可能由于添加的鎘濃度不足以產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重脅迫，兩種植物對鎘都表現(xiàn)出一定的耐受力。生物炭的比例梯度及粒徑對實驗植物的生理影響無明顯規(guī)律。 (3)添加生物炭可使鎘污染土壤中生長的圓蘿卜地下部分、小青菜地上部分的鎘含量分別減少81.21%、83.04%，使荷藕、荷梗、荷葉鎘含量分別減少68.51%、81.41%、54.66%，丹參根和葉的鎘含量分別減少43.63%、52.81%；降低4種植物體內(nèi)鎘的富集系數(shù)；除荷花外，生物炭可抑制另外3種植物體內(nèi)的鎘由地下部分向地上部分轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，從而減少鎘在植物可食用部分的富集。 (4)土壤添加4mg/kg鎘離子時，兩種蔬菜的最佳加炭量均為10%；添加3mg/kg鎘離子時，兩種藥用植物的最佳加炭量均為20%。此兩比例的生物炭不僅能明顯促進(jìn)相應(yīng)植物的生長，緩解重金屬產(chǎn)生的生理脅迫，還可顯著降低植物體內(nèi)的重金屬含量，使植物達(dá)到可食用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為生物炭作為一種基質(zhì)治理重金屬污染和提高食用藥用植物生產(chǎn)的安全性提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)和實踐參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization and industry and agriculture, the pollution of heavy metals in soil, water and atmosphere is becoming more and more serious. Some grain, vegetable and medicinal plant planting areas in China are under the threat of heavy metal pollution, especially cadmium pollution, which occurs from time to time and directly endangers human health. The relationship between edible medicinal plants and human life and health is very close. Therefore, it is of great scientific value and practical significance to study the safe production and pollution control of vegetables and medicinal plants in heavy metal polluted environment. Biochar (Biochar) has many excellent properties. Previous studies have shown that biochar can affect the morphology and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil, and has significant advantages in soil improvement and pollution remediation, but in production, the degree of heavy metal pollution can be reduced. Application potential and how to apply, at present is not clear enough. In order to evaluate the effect of biochar on the growth of vegetables and medicinal plants and to reduce the pollution of heavy metals, the optimum amount of biochar was analyzed. The root vegetables radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was selected in this study. The pot experiment was carried out in the soil polluted by cadmium by adding different sizes of biochar with five carbon to soil weight ratios, including lotus (36'(Nelumbo nucifera 'Taikong Lian36') and red miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), a small leafy greengrocery (Brassicachinensis L.),) aquatic multi-purpose plant, and the terrestrial medicinal plant, Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), as materials. The main results were as follows: (1) adding biochar could promote the growth and development of turnip, lotus and salvia miltiorrhiza, and its leaf growth was better than that of control. The plant height and fresh weight increased significantly (P 0.05), which effectively reduced the stress injury caused by cadmium. The effects of biochar on the ratio of root to shoot of plants were obvious and regular: adding biochar was more beneficial to promote the expansion of turnip root and the growth of leaves of small green vegetables, and significantly increased the growth of underground part of lotus flower and the expansion of lotus root. This indicated that the addition of biochar to soil increased the yield of the main edible parts of plants to some extent. Plant growth was not affected by the size of biochar, but there was a significant relationship with the addition ratio. (2) the addition of cadmium resulted in significant physiological stress in four species of plants. However, the effect of different proportion of biochar on the mitigation of cadmium stress was not significant. Especially for lotus and salvia miltiorrhiza, both plants showed some tolerance to cadmium because the concentration of cadmium was not enough to produce severe stress. The ratio gradient and particle size of biochar had no obvious effect on the physiology of experimental plants. (3) addition of biochar could reduce the cadmium content in the underground part of radish grown in cadmium polluted soil, and the cadmium content in aboveground part of small green vegetable decreased by 81.21% and 83.04, respectively. The cadmium contents in the roots and leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza decreased 43.63% and 52.81%, respectively, and the cadmium enrichment coefficients in the four plants were decreased respectively. Except for lotus flowers, biochar could inhibit the transport of cadmium from the underground part to the aboveground part of the other three plants, with the exception of lotus flower, the content of cadmium in the roots and leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza was decreased by 43.63% and 52.81%, respectively. Therefore, the enrichment of cadmium in edible parts of plants was reduced. (4) when 4mg/kg cadmium ion was added to the soil, the optimum carbon addition of both vegetables was 10%, and the optimum carbon addition amount of the two medicinal plants was 20% when 3mg/kg cadmium ion was added. These two ratios of biochar can not only significantly promote the growth of the corresponding plants, alleviate the physiological stress caused by heavy metals, but also significantly reduce the content of heavy metals in plants, so that the plants can reach the edible standard. It provides scientific theoretical basis and practical reference for biochar as a substrate to control heavy metal pollution and improve the safety of edible medicinal plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X173
本文編號：2266262
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization and industry and agriculture, the pollution of heavy metals in soil, water and atmosphere is becoming more and more serious. Some grain, vegetable and medicinal plant planting areas in China are under the threat of heavy metal pollution, especially cadmium pollution, which occurs from time to time and directly endangers human health. The relationship between edible medicinal plants and human life and health is very close. Therefore, it is of great scientific value and practical significance to study the safe production and pollution control of vegetables and medicinal plants in heavy metal polluted environment. Biochar (Biochar) has many excellent properties. Previous studies have shown that biochar can affect the morphology and migration behavior of heavy metals in soil, and has significant advantages in soil improvement and pollution remediation, but in production, the degree of heavy metal pollution can be reduced. Application potential and how to apply, at present is not clear enough. In order to evaluate the effect of biochar on the growth of vegetables and medicinal plants and to reduce the pollution of heavy metals, the optimum amount of biochar was analyzed. The root vegetables radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was selected in this study. The pot experiment was carried out in the soil polluted by cadmium by adding different sizes of biochar with five carbon to soil weight ratios, including lotus (36'(Nelumbo nucifera 'Taikong Lian36') and red miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), a small leafy greengrocery (Brassicachinensis L.),) aquatic multi-purpose plant, and the terrestrial medicinal plant, Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), as materials. The main results were as follows: (1) adding biochar could promote the growth and development of turnip, lotus and salvia miltiorrhiza, and its leaf growth was better than that of control. The plant height and fresh weight increased significantly (P 0.05), which effectively reduced the stress injury caused by cadmium. The effects of biochar on the ratio of root to shoot of plants were obvious and regular: adding biochar was more beneficial to promote the expansion of turnip root and the growth of leaves of small green vegetables, and significantly increased the growth of underground part of lotus flower and the expansion of lotus root. This indicated that the addition of biochar to soil increased the yield of the main edible parts of plants to some extent. Plant growth was not affected by the size of biochar, but there was a significant relationship with the addition ratio. (2) the addition of cadmium resulted in significant physiological stress in four species of plants. However, the effect of different proportion of biochar on the mitigation of cadmium stress was not significant. Especially for lotus and salvia miltiorrhiza, both plants showed some tolerance to cadmium because the concentration of cadmium was not enough to produce severe stress. The ratio gradient and particle size of biochar had no obvious effect on the physiology of experimental plants. (3) addition of biochar could reduce the cadmium content in the underground part of radish grown in cadmium polluted soil, and the cadmium content in aboveground part of small green vegetable decreased by 81.21% and 83.04, respectively. The cadmium contents in the roots and leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza decreased 43.63% and 52.81%, respectively, and the cadmium enrichment coefficients in the four plants were decreased respectively. Except for lotus flowers, biochar could inhibit the transport of cadmium from the underground part to the aboveground part of the other three plants, with the exception of lotus flower, the content of cadmium in the roots and leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza was decreased by 43.63% and 52.81%, respectively. Therefore, the enrichment of cadmium in edible parts of plants was reduced. (4) when 4mg/kg cadmium ion was added to the soil, the optimum carbon addition of both vegetables was 10%, and the optimum carbon addition amount of the two medicinal plants was 20% when 3mg/kg cadmium ion was added. These two ratios of biochar can not only significantly promote the growth of the corresponding plants, alleviate the physiological stress caused by heavy metals, but also significantly reduce the content of heavy metals in plants, so that the plants can reach the edible standard. It provides scientific theoretical basis and practical reference for biochar as a substrate to control heavy metal pollution and improve the safety of edible medicinal plants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X173
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 柳絮;范仲學(xué);張斌;畢玉平;;我國土壤鎘污染及其修復(fù)研究[J];山東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2007年06期
2 許曉光;盧永恩;李漢霞;;鎘和鉛在蓮藕各器官中累積規(guī)律的研究[J];長江蔬菜;2010年14期
3 高志嶺,劉建玲,廖文華;磷肥施用與鎘污染的研究現(xiàn)狀及防治對策[J];河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2001年03期
4 施澤明;倪師軍;張成江;;成都城郊典型蔬菜中重金屬元素的富集特征[J];地球與環(huán)境;2006年02期
5 陳溫福;張偉明;孟軍;徐正進(jìn);;生物炭應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究[J];中國工程科學(xué);2011年02期
6 楊肖娥，楊明杰;鎘從農(nóng)業(yè)土壤向人類食物鏈的遷移[J];廣東微量元素科學(xué);1996年07期
7 趙娜;郭治昕;趙雪;趙利斌;;丹參的化學(xué)成分與藥理作用[J];國外醫(yī)藥(植物藥分冊);2007年04期
8 熊春暉;盧永恩;歐陽波;李漢霞;;水生蔬菜重金屬污染與防治研究進(jìn)展[J];長江蔬菜;2012年16期
9 李力;劉婭;陸宇超;梁中耀;張鵬;孫紅文;;生物炭的環(huán)境效應(yīng)及其應(yīng)用的研究進(jìn)展[J];環(huán)境化學(xué);2011年08期
10 張書海,沈躍文;污灌區(qū)重金屬污染對土壤的危害[J];環(huán)境監(jiān)測管理與技術(shù);2000年02期
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前3條
1 劉玉學(xué);生物質(zhì)炭輸入對土壤氮素流失及溫室氣體排放特性的影響[D];浙江大學(xué);2011年
2 崔立強(qiáng);生物黑炭抑制稻麥對污染土壤中Cd/Pb吸收的試驗研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年
3 張偉明;生物炭的理化性質(zhì)及其在作物生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用[D];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年
本文編號：2266262
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/shengwushengchang/2266262.html
最近更新
教材專著
