【摘要】：枸杞（Lycium Barbarum L.）是我國重要的藥食兩用特種經(jīng)濟植物資源和傳統(tǒng)的出口農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。枸杞屬多年生落葉灌木，人工栽培經(jīng)過修剪可呈小喬木狀，是一種具有多種經(jīng)濟性狀的植物，需肥量大，由于多年生長在同一地點，每年都會從土壤中吸收大量的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，因此土壤的營養(yǎng)狀況直接影響果實的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。需通過施用微生物有機肥及時提供植株生長發(fā)育所需要的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，不斷地改善土壤的理化性狀，提高土壤肥力，進而提高植株的光合能力，達到高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)的最佳效果。 本研究以甘肅景泰玉杰農(nóng)貿(mào)有限公司種植園中的5年生寧杞1號為試驗對象，采用隨機區(qū)組試驗設(shè)計，試驗設(shè)腐殖酸生物有機肥4個施肥量水平處理（株施1kg、2kg、3kg、4kg）,以株施8kg普通有機肥（羊糞）為對照；另設(shè)沼液1個施肥量水平處理（株施1L）、腐殖酸生物有機肥1個施肥量水平處理（株施kg）及百歐蓋恩微生物有機肥1個施肥量水平處理（株施1kg），以不施任何有機肥為對照。通過測定枸杞葉片葉綠素熒光參數(shù)、生長和產(chǎn)量以及品質(zhì)、土壤養(yǎng)分等指標的變化，分析評價不同處理對枸杞生長發(fā)育的影響，探索適宜枸杞栽培的腐殖酸生物有機肥的施肥用量以及更適宜枸杞生長的肥料種類，為研究枸杞生理生態(tài)特性以及提高栽培效益提供實踐指導(dǎo)。研究結(jié)果表明： （1）施用腐殖酸生物有機肥能提高枸杞葉片葉綠素熒光參數(shù)，如PSⅡ最大光化學(xué)效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ的潛在活性（Fv/Fo）、表觀電子傳遞速率（ETR）、實際光化學(xué)量子產(chǎn)量Yield（Ⅱ）等，而明顯降低非光化學(xué)淬滅（NPQ），進而提高光合生產(chǎn)力；而且有利于枸杞生長發(fā)育狀況，比普通有機肥CK（羊糞）更有助于增加枸杞株高、冠幅、地徑及新梢生長，隨著肥料用量的增加，均呈先增加后降低的趨勢，而且還能提高枸杞單株產(chǎn)量，特別是株施3kg此肥料后，單株產(chǎn)量高達1.46kg.株-1。 （2）施用腐殖酸生物有機肥不僅可提高枸杞果實的百粒重及枸杞有效成分的含量，但當肥料用量超過4kg時，多糖、類胡蘿卜素及甜菜堿含量反而會降低；另外，腐殖酸生物有機肥還可以改善土壤理化性狀，提高土壤肥力。綜合分析，腐殖酸生物有機肥以中高用量對枸杞產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)的提高及土壤中生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善效果最好。 （3）施用百歐蓋恩微生物有機肥對提高枸杞植株的光合利用率及光能轉(zhuǎn)化能力等方面具有一定的作用，較施用同用量的腐殖酸生物有機肥及沼液更能提高葉綠素熒光參數(shù)，而不同微生物有機肥對枸杞植株的株高增長速率、冠幅增長速率、地徑增長速率及新梢增長速率均有不同程度的提高，且百歐蓋恩微生物有機肥對于枸杞生長的影響效果略優(yōu)于腐殖酸生物有機肥。另外對植株的經(jīng)濟效益具有一定的影響，其中施用1kg百歐蓋恩微生物有機肥的對純收入水平的影響較大，達23.46元.株-1，，而1kg用量下不同有機肥對枸杞干果百粒重的影響效果不明顯，可能是由于肥料用量太少，對枸杞干果百粒重的影響較小。 （4）不同微生物肥料對枸杞果實內(nèi)含物的含量提高幅度不同，除類胡蘿卜素外，多糖、總糖、黃酮及甜菜堿含量均表現(xiàn)為1kg百歐蓋恩微生物有機肥處理的最大，其值分別為7.21%、43.95%、180.68mg/100g和0.70%。另外，不同微生物有機肥處理可明顯提高土壤中的全量養(yǎng)分和速效養(yǎng)分。整體而言，百歐蓋恩微生物有機肥更適合當?shù)罔坭缴L。
[Abstract]:Lycium Barbarum L. (Lycium barbarum) is an important special economic plant resource and traditional export agricultural product in China. The perennial deciduous shrub of Lycium barbarum is a kind of small tree like tree. It is a plant with a variety of economic traits. It needs a large amount of fertilizer. It is grown at the same place for many years and will be sucked from the soil every year. The nutrient status of the soil will directly affect the yield and quality of the fruit. It is necessary to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve the fertility of the soil, improve the photosynthetic capacity of the plant, and achieve the best effect of high yield and high quality by applying the organic fertilizer in time. Fruit.
In this study, the 5 year old Ningqi No. 1 in the plantation of Gansu Jingtai Yujie Agricultural Trade Co., Ltd. was tested by the random zone test design. The experiment set up 4 humic acid organic manures (1kg, 2kg, 3kg, 4kg) of humic acid bio fertilizer (plant application 8kg common organic manure) as control, and set up 1 levels of fertilizer level treatment (plant). 1L), 1 levels of humic acid biological organic manure treatment (plant kg) and 1 manure organic manure were treated (1kg), and no organic fertilizer was used as control. The changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, growth and yield, quality, soil nutrients and other indexes were analyzed and evaluated. In order to study the physiological and ecological characteristics of Chinese wolfberry and to improve the cultivation efficiency, the effects of the growth and development of Lycium barbarum on the growth and development of Lycium barbarum were explored.
(1) the application of humic acid bio organic fertilizer can improve the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the leaves of Chinese wolfberry, such as the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PS II, the potential activity of PS II (Fv/Fo), the apparent electron transfer rate (ETR), the actual photochemical quantum yield Yield (II) and so on, and obviously lower the non photochemical quenching (NPQ), and then improve the photosynthetic productivity; moreover, it is beneficial to the wolfberry. The growth and development of barbarum barbarum is more helpful to increase the height, crown, ground diameter and shoot growth of Lycium barbarum than the common organic fertilizer CK (sheep dung). With the increase of fertilizer consumption, the growth of Chinese wolfberry is increased first and then decreased, and the yield of Chinese wolfberry can be increased. The yield of single plant is as high as 1.46kg. plant -1..
(2) the application of humic acid bio organic fertilizer can not only improve the weight of 100 grain and the content of the effective components of Lycium barbarum, but when the amount of fertilizer is more than 4kg, the content of polysaccharide, carotenoid and betaine can be reduced. In addition, humic acid bio organic fertilizer can also improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve soil fertility, comprehensive analysis, humic acid. Bio organic fertilizer has the best effect on the yield and quality of Lycium barbarum and the improvement of the ecological environment in the soil.
(3) the application of microorganism manure on the photosynthetic utilization rate and light energy conversion ability of Lycium barbarum can improve the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters more than the application of the same amount of humic acid bio organic fertilizer and biogas solution, while the growth rate of plant height and the growth rate of different microbial organic manure on the plant of Lycium barbarum are increased. The rate, the growth rate of ground diameter and the growth rate of new shoots were improved to some extent, and the effect of organic manure on the growth of wolfberry was slightly better than that of humic acid organic fertilizer. In addition, the effect of organic fertilizer on the economic benefit of the plant was certain. The effect of 1kg 100 Euclidean microbial organic fertilizer on the level of pure income The effect of different organic manure on 100 grain weight of Lycium barbarum was 23.46 yuan. The effect of different organic manure on the weight of dried fruit of Lycium barbarum was not obvious, which may be due to the less fertilizer use and less effect on the 100 grain weight of the dried fruit of Lycium barbarum.
(4) the content of the contents of the contents of the fruits of Lycium barbarum is different. Except carotenoids, the contents of polysaccharides, total sugar, flavonoids and betaine are the biggest, and the value of 1kg hundred European organic manure is 7.21%, 43.95%, 180.68mg/ 100g and 0.70%., and the treatment of different microbial organic fertilizers can be improved obviously. The total amount of nutrients and available nutrients in the soil is, on the whole, 100% organic soil organic fertilizer is more suitable for local Lycium barbarum growth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：S567.19;S158

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