本文選題：西瓜 + 化感作用��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2004年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目前，隨著西瓜生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)業(yè)化、規(guī)�；l(fā)展，西瓜連作障礙問題日趨嚴(yán)重。許多研究證實自毒作用是導(dǎo)致作物產(chǎn)生連作障礙的主要原因之一。因此，開展西瓜自毒作用機(jī)理的研究為西瓜連作障礙問題解決提供十分重要的理論依據(jù)。本試驗利用活性炭添加與否，研究了西瓜根系分泌物對自身的毒害效果，結(jié)果表明西瓜根系分泌物使同茬植株相對電導(dǎo)率增加、膜滲漏增加，根系中總酚含量升高；并降低了體內(nèi)葉綠素含量，植株光合產(chǎn)物積累減少，最終導(dǎo)致植株根系生長發(fā)育不良，影響了西瓜果實的正常膨大。在研究西瓜重茬液對下茬西瓜幼苗生長及其生理生化特性的試驗中，結(jié)果表明西瓜根系分泌物能改變西瓜幼苗根系中抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)的活性，導(dǎo)致幼苗根系中GPOD活性降低，積累過多的活性氧和MDA，根系發(fā)生膜脂過氧化，導(dǎo)致幼苗生物產(chǎn)量下降。重茬液中添加活性炭后，根系分泌物中一些有毒物質(zhì)被吸附，緩解了西瓜重茬液的自毒作用，保證了西瓜幼苗的正常生長發(fā)育。試驗研究表明西瓜重茬液含有對下茬西瓜生長具有自毒作用的根系分泌物。重茬液處理的西瓜幼苗根系中PAL活性較高，促進(jìn)了酚類物質(zhì)合成，毒害嚴(yán)重，導(dǎo)致西瓜幼苗生長發(fā)育受阻；而添加活性炭后，由于活性碳吸附了重茬液中的自毒物質(zhì)，從而減弱了重茬液的自毒作用，西瓜幼苗根系中PAL活性保持在一個較低的水平，合成的酚類物質(zhì)及其衍生物減少，降低了西瓜水培液中酚類物質(zhì)的濃度，使得酚類物質(zhì)毒害作用降低，幼苗生長受阻現(xiàn)象減輕。 利用西瓜葉、莖、根進(jìn)行浸提，研究了西瓜不同組織殘茬浸提液的生物活性，結(jié)果表明西瓜殘茬浸提液均具有生長抑制作用。浸提液的作用效果一般表現(xiàn)為低濃度不具有抑制作用，甚至具有促進(jìn)作用，但隨濃度的升高，抑制作用也隨之增強(qiáng)。其中西瓜葉、莖浸提液較根浸提液的抑制作用更強(qiáng)，，西瓜殘茬的自毒作用可能與不同組織有關(guān)。不同溶劑浸提殘茬所得浸提液對種子萌發(fā)的影響不同，其中以水浸提的效果更為顯著。利用同一組織浸提液進(jìn)行西瓜種子生物活性檢測表明水浸提液的自毒作用較95％乙醇浸提液的自毒作用強(qiáng)。通過生物活性檢測試驗驗證了西瓜殘茬的自毒作用存在。根茬水浸提液和乙醇浸提液的水溶性組分在高濃度時，顯著地抑制種子萌發(fā)，而低濃度對種子萌發(fā)影響不大；而其酸性組分和堿性組分在此濃度范圍內(nèi)幾乎不影響萵苣種子萌發(fā)數(shù)。各組分對萵苣胚根和胚軸生長的抑制作用也隨濃度的增加而加強(qiáng)，而以水溶性組分抑制率增加最為顯著。 因此，根茬浸提液不同組分的抑制活性大小一般表現(xiàn)為水溶性組分酸性組分) 堿性組分。 試驗研究水培西瓜營養(yǎng)液殘液及活性炭吸附的根系分泌物的生物活性，結(jié)果 表明西瓜根系分泌物影響了葛芭種子萌發(fā)及其胚根或胚軸伸長，并且這種作用 效果與濃度有關(guān)。西瓜根系分泌物在種植過程中積累，達(dá)到一定濃度后才會對西 瓜產(chǎn)生自毒作用;隨著不斷的積累，抑制作用隨之增強(qiáng)。不同方法收集的根系分 泌物中酸性組分的抑制效果不同。從活性炭浸提出根系分泌物的酸性組分在高濃 度具有顯著抑制作用，而隨濃度下降抑制作用也隨之下降;而營養(yǎng)殘液中根系分 泌物的酸性組分在試驗濃縮倍數(shù)范圍內(nèi)，其抑制作用效果幾乎沒有變化。不同方 法收集的西瓜根系分泌物的堿性組分都不具有抑制作用或抑制作用較小。水溶性 組分對葛芭種子萌發(fā)及其胚軸長和胚根長影響最為顯著。西瓜根系分泌物的各組 分抑制作用大小順序:水溶性組分酸性組分堿性組分或表現(xiàn)為水溶性組分酸 J勝組分或堿性組分。
[Abstract]:At present, with the industrialization and large-scale development of watermelon production, the problem of watermelon continuous cropping obstacle is becoming more and more serious. Many studies have confirmed that the effect of self toxicity is one of the main causes of crop continuous cropping obstacles. Therefore, the research on the mechanism of self toxicity of watermelon provides a very important theoretical basis for solving the problem of watermelon continuous cropping obstacle. The effect of the root exudates on the root exudates of watermelon was studied. The results showed that the relative conductivity of the root exudates of watermelon increased, the membrane leakage increased, the total phenol content in the root increased, and the content of chlorophyll in the body was reduced, the accumulation of Photosynthate in the plant decreased, and the root growth of the plant eventually led to the growth and development of the plant root. The results showed that the root exudates of watermelon can change the activity of antioxidant enzyme system in the roots of watermelon seedlings, and lead to the decrease of GPOD activity in the root system of the seedlings and the excessive accumulation of active oxygen and MDA, roots. When the membrane lipid peroxidation occurred, the biological yield of the seedlings decreased. After adding activated carbon in the heavy stubble liquid, some toxic substances in the root exudates were adsorbed, which alleviated the self toxic effect of the watermelon recrop solution and ensured the normal growth and development of the watermelon seedlings. The experimental study showed that the watermelon recrop solution contained the self toxic effect on the growth of the next stubble watermelon. In root exudates, the activity of PAL was higher in the roots of watermelon seedlings treated with heavy stubble liquid, which promoted the synthesis of phenols and serious toxicity, resulting in the growth and development of watermelon seedlings. After adding activated carbon, the self toxic substances in the stubble liquid were adsorbed by active carbon, thus reducing the self toxicity of the heavy stubble liquid, and the activity of PAL in the root of watermelon seedlings was guaranteed. At a lower level, the synthesis of phenolic substances and their derivatives reduced the concentration of phenols in watermelon hydroponics, reducing the toxic effects of phenolic substances and reducing the resistance of the seedlings.
The biological activity of the extract of the different stubble of watermelon was studied with the extraction of the leaves, stems and roots of watermelon. The results showed that the leaching solution of the watermelon stubble had the inhibitory effect on growth. The effect of the leaching solution generally showed that the effect of the extract was not inhibited and even promoted, but the inhibition effect increased with the increase of concentration. The effect of Watermelon Leaf Extract is stronger than that of root leaching solution. The self toxic effect of watermelon residue may be related to different tissues. The effect of extraction solution on seed germination is different, and the effect of water extraction is more significant. The bioactivity of watermelon seed is detected by the same tissue extraction solution. The self toxic effect of the aqueous extract of clear water is stronger than that of the 95% ethanol extract. Through the biological activity test, the self toxic effect of the watermelon residue is verified. The water soluble components of the root stubble water extract and the ethanol extract significantly inhibit the seed germination, but the low concentration has little effect on the seed germination. The seed germination number of lettuce was hardly affected by the components and basic components in the concentration range. The inhibitory effects of each component on the growth of raduca raduca and the hypocotyl of lettuce were also increased with the increase of concentration, and the most significant increase in the water soluble fraction inhibition rate.
Therefore, the inhibition activity of different components of root extract is generally expressed as acidic components of water-soluble components.
Basic components.
The biological activity of root exudates adsorbed by water culture watermelon nutrient solution and activated carbon was studied.
The results showed that the root exudates affected the seed germination and radicle or hypocotyl elongation of the seeds.
The effect is related to concentration. The root exudates of watermelon will accumulate in the process of planting and reach a certain concentration.
Melon has its own toxic effect, and its inhibition is enhanced with increasing accumulation.
The inhibitory effect of acidic components in the secretions is different. The acidic components of root exudates are highly concentrated from activated carbon leaching.
The degree of inhibition decreased with the decrease of concentration, while the root system in nutrient residue decreased.
The acidic components of the secreted substances showed almost no change in the concentration range of the test.
The alkaline components of watermelon root exudates collected by the method had no inhibition or inhibition effect.
The effects of composition on seed germination, hypocotyl length and radicle length were the most significant.
The order of inhibition is: water-soluble components, acidic components, basic components or water soluble components.
J victory component or alkaline component.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2004
【分類號】：S651

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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