【摘要】：超濾膜過濾工藝在飲用水處理中的應(yīng)用日益廣泛，目前使用的多為有機(jī)膜。但對于微污染飲用水，處理工藝需要預(yù)氧化，而氧化劑容易導(dǎo)致有機(jī)膜老化損壞。陶瓷膜具有耐氧化、機(jī)械強度高等特點，在微污染飲用水處理中受到關(guān)注。本論文針對臭氧/陶瓷膜工藝，研究了系列孔徑陶瓷膜的過濾性能，臭氧氧化對污染物去除效果和膜通量的影響，分析了臭氧對陶瓷膜污染的控制效能和機(jī)理。針對季節(jié)性污染的原水，提出了新型集成式的臭氧/陶瓷膜-生物活性炭(BAC)工藝。利用小試實驗系統(tǒng)對集成工藝處理微污染原水的性能進(jìn)行了評估，通過規(guī)模為120m3/d的中試系統(tǒng)對集成工藝進(jìn)行了驗證。 系列陶瓷膜孔徑包括5、10、50、100和200nm，，陶瓷膜對顆粒物的去除率高于96%。膜出水中顆粒物含量隨陶瓷膜孔徑減小而降低。臭氧投加量低于3mg/L對膜出水顆粒數(shù)的影響不明顯，投加量為3~5mg/L時，陶瓷膜初濾水中2~3μm顆粒物數(shù)量有所增加。綜合考慮跨膜壓差及膜通量，本論文推薦采用孔徑為50至100nm陶瓷膜。陶瓷膜直接過濾對CODMn的去除率為15%~45%，UV254的去除率低于10%。臭氧/陶瓷膜組合可顯著改善UV254的去除，臭氧投加量高于3mg/L時改善了CODMn的去除率。膜孔徑減小或原水濁度升高有利于陶瓷膜對有機(jī)物的去除。 臭氧能夠減緩陶瓷膜的污染，臭氧與有機(jī)物在原水和膜孔內(nèi)的直接反應(yīng)改變了有機(jī)物的結(jié)構(gòu)和性質(zhì)，降低了膜的污染負(fù)荷。有機(jī)物是膜污染的主要貢獻(xiàn)因素，對可逆和不可逆膜污染組分分析表明，有機(jī)物親/疏水組分對陶瓷膜的污染能力為親水性（HPI）疏水性（HPO）弱疏水性（TPI）。分子量為400、1100、1500、和3180Da的小分子有機(jī)物在膜不可逆污染中起著重要作用。 臭氧/陶瓷膜-BAC工藝可去除50%~55%的總有機(jī)碳和UV254。臭氧氧化降低了有機(jī)物分子量并提高了其生物可降解性，BAC通過吸附和生物降解作用去除有機(jī)物和氨氮。工藝出水濁度低于0.14NTU，2μm顆粒數(shù)小于60個/mL，出水氨氮濃度低于0.5mg/L。臭氧/陶瓷膜強化了BAC中的優(yōu)勢功能細(xì)菌，控制了致病菌和藻類的繁殖，保障BAC有效運行。投加臭氧的曝氣過程提高了DO濃度，促進(jìn)了Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira等功能菌的生長，改善了氨氮的去除效果。本論文提出的集成工藝對于傳統(tǒng)自來水廠升級改造以應(yīng)對微污染原水和保證飲用水安全具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:The application of ultrafiltration membrane filtration process in drinking water treatment is becoming more and more extensive, and most of them are organic membranes at present. However, for micro-polluted drinking water, the treatment process needs pre-oxidation, and oxidant is easy to lead to aging and damage of organic film. Ceramic membrane has been paid more and more attention in the treatment of micro-polluted drinking water because of its oxidation resistance and high mechanical strength. In this paper, the filtration performance of a series of pore size ceramic membranes, the effect of ozone oxidation on pollutant removal and membrane flux were studied, and the control efficiency and mechanism of ozone on ceramic membrane fouling were analyzed. A new integrated ozone / ceramic membrane-biological activated carbon (BAC) process was proposed for seasonal pollution of raw water. The performance of the integrated process for the treatment of micro-polluted raw water was evaluated by using the small-scale experimental system, and the integrated process was verified by the pilot system with the scale of 120m3/d. The pore size of a series of ceramic membranes includes 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 nm, and the removal rate of particles by ceramic membranes is more than 96%. The content of particulate matter in the effluent decreased with the decrease of the pore size of ceramic membrane. When the dosage of ozone was lower than that of 3mg/L, the effect of ozone dosage on the number of particles in the effluent of ceramic membrane was not obvious. When the dosage of ozone was 3~5mg/L, the amount of particles in the initial filtration water of ceramic membrane increased. Considering the pressure difference and flux of transmembrane, the ceramic membrane with pore size of 50 to 100nm is recommended in this paper. The removal rate of CODMn by direct filtration of ceramic membrane is 15% 鈮

本文編號：2494129