【摘要】：熱風(fēng)爐是煉鐵生產(chǎn)中的重要設(shè)備，作為一種新型熱風(fēng)爐，頂燃式熱風(fēng)爐具備高風(fēng)溫、高熱效率和長壽命等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，自從被投入使用就受到了廣泛關(guān)注，擁有良好的應(yīng)用前景。目前我國對頂燃式熱風(fēng)爐的設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)主要為《煉鐵工藝爐爐殼結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)規(guī)范》和以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)，然而規(guī)范中關(guān)于溫度作用、地震作用等對爐殼所產(chǎn)生的影響未做出明確的要求，爐殼厚度的計(jì)算公式也缺乏足夠的理論依據(jù)。所以對頂燃式熱風(fēng)爐進(jìn)行多種工況下的有限元分析，并對爐殼厚度進(jìn)行合理的優(yōu)化對于今后同類熱風(fēng)爐的設(shè)計(jì)具有指導(dǎo)意義，，同時(shí)最終的優(yōu)化方案也具備一定的工程價(jià)值。 本文所做的工作主要有三個(gè)方面：一、以有限元理論和相關(guān)的殼體理論知識為基礎(chǔ)，借助有限元分析軟件Ansys的APDL語言，建立了與實(shí)際爐殼結(jié)構(gòu)相符的有限元模型，對爐殼模型進(jìn)行了合理的板帶劃分并且對爐殼厚度實(shí)現(xiàn)參數(shù)化，為后續(xù)的優(yōu)化工作打好了基礎(chǔ)；二、考慮熱-應(yīng)力耦合作用、靜力荷載作用以及地震作用三種影響因素，對爐殼結(jié)構(gòu)分別進(jìn)行了各種工況下的有限元分析得到了各工況下的應(yīng)力分布和位移形變，并按照規(guī)范要求進(jìn)行了最不利荷載的組合和最不利荷載作用的分析；三、通過對最不利荷載組合作用下的爐殼結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行有限元分析，以爐殼的厚度為設(shè)計(jì)變量、各板帶的最大應(yīng)力為狀態(tài)變量、容許應(yīng)力值為約束條件實(shí)現(xiàn)了最終的優(yōu)化目標(biāo)——爐殼結(jié)構(gòu)用鋼量最少，并將優(yōu)后的設(shè)計(jì)方案與優(yōu)化前進(jìn)行了對比分析。 通過以上三個(gè)方面的工作本文得出以下主要結(jié)論： （1）與其它各荷載作用相比，爐殼在內(nèi)部氣體壓力作用下產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)力最大，所以爐殼內(nèi)部氣體壓力是影響爐殼厚度的主要因素； （2）熱-應(yīng)力耦合作用對爐殼的位移形變影響較大，位移形變受到約束的部位是應(yīng)力產(chǎn)生的主要部位； （3）地震作用對爐殼整體的影響較小，但是對于爐缸段的影響在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)不應(yīng)完全忽略； （4）經(jīng)過優(yōu)化得到的最終優(yōu)化方案比原設(shè)計(jì)方案的用鋼量減少了14.3%，優(yōu)化后爐殼結(jié)構(gòu)的薄弱部位（部分孔口邊緣及爐缸段等）厚度有所增加，其它部位爐殼厚度明顯減小，整體應(yīng)力分布更加均勻。
[Abstract]:Hot blast stove is an important equipment in ironmaking production. as a new type of hot blast furnace, top combustion hot blast furnace has the advantages of high air temperature, high thermal efficiency and long life. It has been widely concerned and has a good application prospect since it was put into use. At present, the design basis of top combustion hot blast furnace in our country is mainly "Technical Specification for shell structure of ironmaking process furnace" and previous experience. However, there are no clear requirements for the influence of temperature action and seismic action on furnace shell in the code. The formula for calculating the thickness of furnace shell is also lack of sufficient theoretical basis. Therefore, the finite element analysis of the top combustion hot blast furnace under various working conditions, and the reasonable optimization of the shell thickness is of guiding significance for the design of the same kind of hot blast furnace in the future, and the final optimization scheme also has certain engineering value. There are three main aspects of the work done in this paper: first, based on the finite element theory and the related shell theory knowledge, with the help of the APDL language of the finite element analysis software Ansys, a finite element model consistent with the actual shell structure is established. The shell model is divided reasonably and the thickness of the furnace shell is parameterized, which lays a good foundation for the subsequent optimization work. Second, considering the thermal-stress coupling, static load and seismic action, the finite element analysis of the shell structure under various working conditions is carried out to obtain the stress distribution and displacement deformation under each working condition. According to the requirements of the code, the combination of the most unfavorable loads and the analysis of the most unfavorable loads are carried out. Third, through the finite element analysis of the shell structure under the action of the most unfavorable load combination, the thickness of the furnace shell is taken as the design variable, and the maximum stress of each plate and belt is taken as the state variable. The allowable stress value is the constraint condition to achieve the final optimization goal-the minimum amount of steel used in the shell structure, and the optimized design scheme is compared with that before optimization. Through the above three aspects of work, this paper draws the following main conclusions: (1) compared with other loads, the shell produces the greatest stress under the action of internal gas pressure. Therefore, the gas pressure in the shell is the main factor affecting the thickness of the shell. (2) the coupling of heat and stress has a great influence on the displacement deformation of the furnace shell, and the part where the displacement deformation is constrained is the main part of the stress generation; (3) the influence of seismic action on the whole furnace shell is small, but the influence on the cylinder section should not be completely ignored in the design; (4) compared with the original design scheme, the steel consumption of the optimized final optimization scheme is reduced by 14.3%, and the thickness of the weak part of the shell structure (part of the orifice edge and cylinder section, etc.) increases after optimization. The thickness of furnace shell in other parts is obviously reduced, and the overall stress distribution is more uniform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU273.2;TF321

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