【摘要】：作為住區(qū)外部空間的重要組成部分，住區(qū)街道空間不但承擔(dān)了住區(qū)系統(tǒng)中重要的交通功能，而且是住區(qū)道路系統(tǒng)中具有“街”屬性的道路模式。相比于一般的街道空間，住區(qū)街道空間會(huì)因其所屬的獨(dú)特的住區(qū)空間布局背景及氣候背景而表現(xiàn)出不一樣的局地微氣候，街道朝向、街道高寬比、街道兩側(cè)建筑高度差、街道不同開口形式、街道裙房形式都會(huì)對(duì)其形成鮮明的影響。 目前，從微氣候熱舒適性層面來(lái)說(shuō)，其更多關(guān)注的是大尺度或小尺度的類型，中尺度的如城市低等級(jí)道路、住區(qū)街道、住區(qū)廣場(chǎng)等的研究雖然近些年明顯增加，但總體上看研究量依然較少，業(yè)已存在的研究針對(duì)的也一般為濕熱氣候區(qū)、干熱氣候區(qū)、溫和氣候區(qū)、夏熱冬冷氣候區(qū)，寒地氣候背景下對(duì)住區(qū)街道空間的研究幾無(wú)涉及。嚴(yán)寒氣候背景下、中尺度層次的住區(qū)街道空間微氣候熱舒適性研究不但能與其他相關(guān)研究形成互補(bǔ)，同時(shí)也是對(duì)住區(qū)街道微氣候角度宜居性的一次有益探索。 筆者以嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)城市局地微氣候環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性為背景，，在實(shí)測(cè)調(diào)研的支撐下，在影響住區(qū)街道微氣候熱舒適性的五大類空間影響因子條件下，進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)微氣候主導(dǎo)元素風(fēng)速與空氣溫度的數(shù)值模擬與計(jì)算分析。為了詳細(xì)全面的了解與分析住區(qū)街道的微氣候特征，同時(shí)驗(yàn)證微氣候數(shù)值模擬的科學(xué)有效性，本文一方面選擇具有代表性的哈爾濱市住區(qū)進(jìn)行實(shí)測(cè)調(diào)研，另一方面以實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)條件展開全類型的住區(qū)街道數(shù)值模擬，最后充分證實(shí)了數(shù)值模擬方法的合理性，為之后對(duì)寒地住區(qū)街道微氣候熱舒適性展開全方位的研究奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 文章以全類型街道的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果為源數(shù)據(jù)，以微氣候影響因子的同原則賦值量化、微氣候熱舒適的三區(qū)（優(yōu)區(qū)、中區(qū)、差區(qū)）劃分、微氣候影響因子權(quán)重計(jì)算等為手段，構(gòu)建了全類型街道各角度、各層次的微氣候熱舒適性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果。 最后，以上述評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)，本文提出了寒地住區(qū)的針對(duì)每一類型街道的內(nèi)部微氣候熱舒適性空間選擇建議；針對(duì)所有街道類型的微氣候熱舒適性街道選擇建議；針對(duì)某一類型街道的微氣候熱舒適性空間布局優(yōu)化建議。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the external space of residential area, residential street space not only undertakes the important traffic function in residential area system, but also is the road mode with "street" attribute in residential road system. Compared with the general street space, the residential street space will show different local microclimate, street orientation, street aspect ratio and building height difference on both sides of the street because of its unique residential spatial layout background and climate background. Different opening forms of street, street skirt form will have a distinct impact on it. At present, from the aspect of microclimate thermal comfort, more attention is paid to the types of large-scale or small-scale. Although the research on meso-scale such as urban low-grade roads, residential streets, residential squares and so on, has increased significantly in recent years. However, on the whole, the amount of research is still relatively small, and the existing studies are generally aimed at humid and hot climate areas, dry and hot climate areas, mild climate areas, hot summer and cold winter climate areas, and the study of street space in residential areas under the background of cold climate. Under the background of severe cold climate, the study of spatial microclimate thermal comfort of residential streets at the meso-level can not only complement other related studies, but also be a useful exploration for the livability of residential streets from the perspective of microclimate. The author takes the complexity of local microclimate environment in severe cold area as the background, and under the support of the measured investigation, under the condition of five kinds of spatial influencing factors that affect the microclimate thermal comfort of residential streets, The numerical simulation and calculation analysis of wind speed and air temperature of two dominant elements of microclimate are carried out. In order to understand and analyze the microclimate characteristics of residential streets in detail and verify the scientific effectiveness of microclimate numerical simulation, on the one hand, this paper selects the representative residential areas of Harbin to carry out the measured investigation. On the other hand, based on the measured data, the numerical simulation of the whole type of residential streets is carried out, and the rationality of the numerical simulation method is fully verified. It lays a solid foundation for the comprehensive study of microclimate thermal comfort of streets in cold residential areas. In this paper, the numerical simulation results of all types of streets are used as the source data, the same principle assignment of microclimate influencing factors is used to quantify, the three regions of microclimate thermal comfort (superior area, middle area, difference area) are divided, and the weight calculation of microclimate influencing factors is taken as the means. The evaluation results of microclimate thermal comfort from all angles and levels of all types of streets are constructed. Finally, on the basis of the above evaluation results, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the selection of internal microclimate thermal comfort space for each type of street, and for all street types of microclimate thermal comfort street. Suggestions on spatial layout optimization of microclimate thermal comfort for a certain type of street.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.12


本文編號(hào)：2479684