【摘要】：GPS提供的平面坐標(biāo)精度高且穩(wěn)定,能夠滿足生產(chǎn)需要,但通過其獲得的高程是大地高,必須施加高程異常改正使之轉(zhuǎn)換成正常高后才能應(yīng)用于具體測量工程。因此,高程異常的精度直接影響由GPS獲得的高程精度。要提高GPS高程的精度,需解決高程異常擬合精度問題。 本文共研究了12種GPS高程異常擬合模型,其中線性模型包括直線擬合、多項(xiàng)式曲線擬合、MLS曲線擬合、正交函數(shù)擬合、三次樣條擬合和AKIMA曲線擬合：面狀模型包括平面擬合、移動曲面擬合、切比雪夫多項(xiàng)式擬合、MLS曲面擬合、移動曲面擬合和多面函數(shù)擬合。為方便使用,制作了GPS高程異常擬合系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)攘括了以上12種擬合模型,操作簡單。 理論分析及算例結(jié)果證明：高程異常的精度受建模點(diǎn)的數(shù)量、分布、數(shù)據(jù)精度及擬合模型等影響；建模點(diǎn)的數(shù)量在滿足系數(shù)求解的基礎(chǔ)上增加2個點(diǎn)左右,效果最佳；建模點(diǎn)的分布應(yīng)盡量“均勻、全局”：建模點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)精度對擬合精度有直接影響,擬合前一定要先剔除粗差。本文分別對CORS-RTK、GPS靜態(tài)及常規(guī)GPS-RTK這三種測量方式獲得的高程在市政工程測量中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了研究。當(dāng)建模點(diǎn)數(shù)量足夠、分布較均勻及精度較好時,選擇合適的擬合模型,GPS的高程精度可以達(dá)到四等精度(《衛(wèi)星定位城市測量技術(shù)規(guī)范》CJJ_T73-2010中的四等精度,下同),可以基本滿足其在市政工程中的應(yīng)用要求。
[Abstract]:The plane coordinates provided by GPS are of high precision and stability, and can meet the needs of production. However, the height obtained through the elevation is geodetic height. It is necessary to apply the correction of height anomaly to the normal height before it can be applied to specific surveying projects. Therefore, the accuracy of height anomaly directly affects the height accuracy obtained by GPS. In order to improve the accuracy of GPS height, it is necessary to solve the problem of height anomaly fitting precision. In this paper, 12 kinds of GPS height anomaly fitting models are studied. The linear models include straight line fitting, polynomial curve fitting, MLS curve fitting, orthogonal function fitting, cubic spline fitting and AKIMA curve fitting. Moving surface fitting, Chebyshev polynomial fitting, MLS surface fitting, moving surface fitting and polyhedral function fitting. In order to facilitate the use, the GPS height anomaly fitting system is made. The system includes the above 12 kinds of fitting models, and the operation is simple. The results of theoretical analysis and numerical examples show that the accuracy of elevation anomaly is affected by the number, distribution, data precision and fitting model of modeling points, and the number of modeling points is increased by about two points on the basis of satisfying the coefficient, which has the best effect. The distribution of modeling points should be "uniform and global" as far as possible: the data precision of modeling points has a direct effect on the fitting accuracy, and gross errors must be eliminated before fitting. In this paper, the application of CORS-RTK,GPS static and conventional GPS-RTK in municipal engineering survey is studied. When the number of modeling points is sufficient, the distribution is uniform and the accuracy is good, the height precision of GPS can reach the fourth-order precision (the fourth-order precision in CJJ_T73-2010) by choosing the appropriate fitting model. It can basically meet the requirements of its application in municipal engineering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4;TU99

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本文編號：2465645