【摘要】：近年來，由于地基處理不當或房屋使用過程中的不合理因素造成地基不均勻沉降進而導(dǎo)致既有結(jié)構(gòu)傾斜的事故不少。特別是我國西北部處于濕陷性黃土地區(qū)，常因排水不暢、地下管網(wǎng)滲水等原因造成地基不均勻下沉，使既有結(jié)構(gòu)傾斜。 對既有結(jié)構(gòu)的糾偏常用方法主要有迫降和頂升兩種方法。迫降法就是人為增大既有結(jié)構(gòu)沉降較小的一側(cè)的沉降量，迫降的方法有浸水法、應(yīng)力解除法（也稱作掏土法）、堆載法等；頂升法就是在穩(wěn)定基礎(chǔ)沉降的基礎(chǔ)上，，在既有結(jié)構(gòu)沉降較大的一側(cè)頂升上部結(jié)構(gòu)或基礎(chǔ)從而使既有結(jié)構(gòu)回正調(diào)平,頂升方法有靜壓樁頂升法、壓密注漿頂升法和石灰樁頂升糾傾法等。在同一個既有結(jié)構(gòu)上同時應(yīng)用兩種及以上的糾偏方法稱為綜合糾傾法。 本文以山西運城市某7層住宅樓的加固糾偏工程為背景，對綜合應(yīng)用鋼筋混凝土托換樁加固和掏土浸水綜合糾傾這種方法進行了深入細致的研究，主要成果如下： 1．總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外加固糾偏技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和經(jīng)典案例，詳細論述了既有結(jié)構(gòu)常用的8種地基基礎(chǔ)加固方法和10種糾偏方案，從場地穩(wěn)定性、地基基礎(chǔ)、勘察、設(shè)計、施工、管理等各方面深入分析既有結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生傾斜的原因。 2．針對該工程的地勘報告、基礎(chǔ)形式、周圍環(huán)境，結(jié)合該既有結(jié)構(gòu)的類型，強度特征等具體情況，詳細闡述了本加固糾偏工程的加固方案和糾偏方案的選擇及托換裝加固方案和掏土、浸水綜合糾偏方案的設(shè)計，重點說明了施工關(guān)鍵工序的工法及現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測方案。 3．分析了壓樁后原有地基與后壓入的樁基共同組成的疏樁復(fù)合地基的工作原理、設(shè)計方法及可靠性。 4．利用有限元分析軟件ABAQUS，建立模型，分析其在均質(zhì)黃土地基條件下，單樁極限承載力的大小以及樁身軸力、樁側(cè)摩阻力隨樁身入土深度的關(guān)系，并建立了不同樁距、不同樁長的模型，計算適合本工程的最合理樁距和樁長，來優(yōu)化布樁。 該加固工程的成功進一步證明了托換樁加固、掏土浸水綜合法糾傾是一種解決房屋傾斜問題的可靠、有效處理方法。該方法施工工期短、糾偏效果好，適合在我國西北部濕陷性黃土地區(qū)推廣使用，為類似工程提供理論和實踐參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to improper foundation treatment or unreasonable factors in the process of building use, the uneven settlement of the foundation has led to a lot of accidents of tilting the existing structures. Especially, the northwest of China is in the collapsible loess area, which often causes the foundation to sink unevenly due to the poor drainage and the seepage of the underground pipe network, so that the existing structure is tilted. There are two main methods for correcting deviation of existing structures: forced landing and lifting. The method of forced landing is to increase the settlement of one side of the existing structure by man-made means, such as immersion method, stress relief method (also known as soil-digging method), pile-loading method and so on. On the basis of stable foundation settlement, jacking method is to lift the superstructure or foundation on one side of the existing structure, so that the existing structure can be rectified, and the jacking method has static pressure pile jacking method. Compaction grouting jacking method and lime pile lifting correction method, etc. The application of two or more deviation correction methods on the same existing structure is called comprehensive inclination correction method. Based on the project of strengthening and rectifying deviation of a 7-storey residential building in Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, this paper makes a thorough and meticulous study on the method of comprehensive application of reinforced concrete underpinning pile strengthening and dipping in soil and dipping water to rectify the deviation of a 7-storey residential building in Shanxi. The main achievements are as follows: 1. The present situation and classic cases of strengthening and correcting deviation technology at home and abroad are summarized, and the 8 methods and 10 rectification schemes of foundation commonly used in existing structures are discussed in detail, from the aspects of site stability, foundation, and so on, the main results are as follows: 1. Survey, design, construction, management and other aspects of in-depth analysis of the causes of existing structures tilt. 2. In the light of the geological prospecting report, basic form and surrounding environment of the project, and in the light of the type of the existing structure and the strength characteristics of the project, This paper expounds in detail the selection of the strengthening scheme and the rectifying scheme of this strengthening and rectifying project, and the design of the reinforcing scheme of underpinning and installation, the scheme of digging soil and the comprehensive rectifying scheme of dipping water, with emphasis on the construction method and on-the-spot monitoring scheme of the key process of construction. 3. The working principle, design method and reliability of the sparse pile composite foundation which is composed of the original foundation and the post-pressed pile foundation after the pile compression are analyzed. 4. The finite element analysis software ABAQUS, is used to establish the model and analyze the relationship between the ultimate bearing capacity of single pile, the axial force of the pile body and the friction resistance of the pile side with the depth of the pile body entering the soil under the condition of homogeneous loess foundation, and the different pile spacing is established. Different pile length models are used to optimize pile placement by calculating the most reasonable pile spacing and pile length suitable for this project. The success of the strengthening project further proves that the comprehensive method to rectify the slope of the building is a reliable and effective method to solve the problem of tilting of the building by means of the comprehensive method for the consolidation of the underpinning pile and the dipping of soil and water. The method has the advantages of short construction period and good deviation correction effect, which is suitable for popularizing and using in collapsible loess area of northwest China, and provides theoretical and practical references for similar projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU753.8

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