【摘要】：我國(guó)是世界上受泥石流災(zāi)害影響最嚴(yán)重的國(guó)家之一。由于泥石流具有突發(fā)性、流速快和破壞力強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),常常會(huì)對(duì)人類(lèi)的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重的威脅。我國(guó)泥石流的研究工作開(kāi)始于20世紀(jì)60年代。到目前為止,經(jīng)過(guò)50多年的研究,我國(guó)泥石流學(xué)者創(chuàng)建了各具特色的泥石流研究方法與防治模式,取得了顯著的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)效益和生態(tài)與環(huán)境效益。但是由于泥石流從預(yù)測(cè)到防治涉及到不同的專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域,形成了嚴(yán)重的學(xué)科交叉,加上其本身具有的復(fù)雜組成成分和力學(xué)機(jī)制,使泥石流的研究仍是國(guó)內(nèi)外的熱點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)課題。 本文在對(duì)舟曲泥石流災(zāi)害調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有泥石流攔擋壩的缺點(diǎn),以舟曲縣三眼峪溝泥石流災(zāi)害治理工程為研究背景,提出了能夠更好地抵抗泥石流大塊石沖擊的新型泥石流攔擋壩體系—帶彈簧支撐的新型泥石流攔擋壩。同時(shí),對(duì)這種新型彈簧支撐進(jìn)行了抗沖擊性能分析,結(jié)果表明,新型彈簧支撐的變形可以減小到普通支撐的1/8.84-1/10.82,支反力大約可以減小到普通支撐的1/2.8,表現(xiàn)出了良好的抗沖擊性能,為其在新型泥石流攔擋壩中的應(yīng)用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。文中,新型泥石流攔擋壩體系的設(shè)計(jì)基于以下三個(gè)理念：(1)采用“雙道防線”當(dāng)泥石流規(guī)模較小時(shí),前壩和后壩均正常工作,當(dāng)特大泥石流發(fā)生時(shí),前壩由于沖擊力過(guò)大將發(fā)生塑性變形最終破壞,從而吸收一部分能量,保護(hù)了后壩的安全,后壩作為“第二道防線”可繼續(xù)發(fā)揮攔擋作用。(2)利用新型彈簧支撐的緩沖作用,增加泥石流對(duì)壩體的撞擊時(shí)間,從而減小泥石流沖擊力的峰值,保護(hù)壩體安全。(3)泥石流大塊石對(duì)攔擋壩的撞擊位置通常為一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)點(diǎn),通過(guò)新型壩前壩及新型彈簧支撐的轉(zhuǎn)換后,使一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)較大的集中力變?yōu)檩^小的近似均布荷載傳給后壩,從而保證后壩在較大泥石流沖擊力作用下,也不會(huì)被撞壞,能夠正常工作。 由于目前對(duì)泥石流攔擋壩的數(shù)值分析多是基于泥石流漿體的沖擊模擬,而實(shí)際當(dāng)中,造成泥石流攔擋壩破壞的主要原因是泥石流中大塊石的沖擊。因此,本文利用有限元軟件ANSYS／LS-DYNA強(qiáng)大的非線性分析功能對(duì)大塊石沖擊作用下新型泥石流攔擋壩和普通重力式泥石流攔擋壩的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)地對(duì)比分析。分析結(jié)果表明,新型泥石流攔擋壩的響應(yīng)位移、內(nèi)力、應(yīng)力、加速度和應(yīng)變率比普通泥石流攔擋壩降低很多,動(dòng)力響應(yīng)最大可減小2/3左右。說(shuō)明帶彈簧支撐的新型泥石流攔擋壩與普通重力式泥石流攔擋壩相比具有非常好的抗沖擊性能,有效解決了普通壩泥石流攔擋壩在泥石流大塊石沖擊作用下容易破壞的問(wèn)題,為泥石流防治工作開(kāi)創(chuàng)了新的思路。
[Abstract]:China is one of the most serious countries affected by debris flow disaster in the world. Debris flow is a serious threat to the safety of human life and property because it has the characteristics of sudden, fast velocity and strong destructive power, and it often poses a serious threat to the safety of human life and property. The study of debris flow in China began in the 1960s. Up to now, after more than 50 years of research, debris flow scholars in China have set up research methods and prevention models of debris flow with different characteristics, and have achieved remarkable benefits of disaster prevention and mitigation and ecological and environmental benefits. However, the study of debris flow is still a hot and difficult topic at home and abroad due to the fact that debris flow involves different fields from prediction to prevention and control, which leads to the formation of a serious interdisciplinary discipline, and the complicated composition and mechanical mechanism of debris flow itself, which makes the research of debris flow still a hot and difficult topic at home and abroad. Based on the investigation and research of Zhouqu debris flow disaster, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of the existing debris flow dam, based on the research background of Sanjiayugou debris flow disaster control project in Zhouqu County, A new type of debris flow retaining dam system with spring bracing is put forward, which can better resist the impact of debris flow and large rock flow. At the same time, the impact resistance of the new spring brace is analyzed. The results show that the deformation of the new spring brace can be reduced to 1? 8. 84? 1? 1? 10. 82 of the ordinary brace. The support force can be reduced to about 1 脳 2.8 of the common brace, showing good impact resistance, which lays a foundation for its application in the new type of debris flow retaining dam. In this paper, the design of a new type of debris flow retaining dam system is based on the following three concepts: (1) when the scale of debris flow is small, the front dam and the back dam work normally, and when the large debris flow occurs, the double line of defense is adopted. The front dam will eventually be destroyed by plastic deformation due to excessive impact force, thereby absorbing a part of energy and protecting the safety of the back dam. As the "second line of defense", the back dam can continue to play a blocking role. (2) the impact time of the debris flow on the dam body can be increased by using the buffering effect of the new spring support, thus reducing the peak value of the impact force of the debris flow. To protect the dam body safety. (3) the impact position of debris flow rock mass on the retaining dam is usually one or several points, after the transformation of the new dam front dam and the new spring support, One or more of the larger concentrated forces can be transferred to the rear dam by a smaller approximate uniform load, thus ensuring that the rear dam will not be damaged and can work normally under the action of a larger impact force of debris flow. At present, the numerical analysis of debris flow dam is mostly based on the impact simulation of debris flow slurry. In practice, the main cause of debris flow dam failure is the impact of large rocks in debris flow. Therefore, the dynamic responses of the new type debris flow retaining dam and the ordinary gravity debris flow blocking dam under the impact of large rock mass are analyzed in detail by using the powerful nonlinear analysis function of the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The analysis results show that the response displacement, internal force, stress, acceleration and strain rate of the new type of debris flow retaining dam are much lower than that of the ordinary debris flow retaining dam, and the maximum dynamic response of the dam can be reduced by about 2 ~ 3. It is shown that the new type of debris flow retaining dam with spring support has a very good anti-impact performance compared with the ordinary gravity debris flow retaining dam, and effectively solves the problem that the debris flow retaining dam of common dam is easy to destroy under the action of debris flow rock mass impact. It creates a new idea for debris flow prevention and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU311

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