【摘要】：本研究選取我國南方濕熱地區(qū)某城市的供水系統(tǒng)作為研究對象。該供水系統(tǒng)具有多水源供水、多種凈水工藝、高水溫、多種管材、不同管齡、超大管網(wǎng)等突出特點，在生物穩(wěn)定性研究方面具有很強(qiáng)的復(fù)雜性、代表性和挑戰(zhàn)性。 本論文通過對比該城市不同供水管網(wǎng)的水質(zhì)生物穩(wěn)定性，判別控制生物穩(wěn)定性的主要指標(biāo)，分析不同凈水技術(shù)的處理能力，提出適用于我國南方濕熱地區(qū)城市管網(wǎng)的生物穩(wěn)定性的綜合控制對策。主要研究成果如下： （1）對該市供水管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)生物穩(wěn)定性的長期監(jiān)測表明，該城市局部供水管網(wǎng)存在較為明顯的細(xì)菌再生長問題。采用統(tǒng)計軟件分析，確定余氯、水力停留時間是細(xì)菌生長的主要影響因素，余氯越高，管網(wǎng)中細(xì)菌越少；水力停留時間越長，管網(wǎng)中細(xì)菌越多。 （2）對采用好水源（Ⅱ類）、深度處理工藝的水廠供水管網(wǎng)進(jìn)行了重點研究，首次將“生物穩(wěn)定特性曲線”應(yīng)用于實際供水管網(wǎng)研究，給出了維持管網(wǎng)生物穩(wěn)定所需的余氯和可生物同化有機(jī)碳（AOC, assimilable organic carbon）的定量邊界條件：維持余氯在1.11-1.73mg/L可保證該供水管網(wǎng)生物穩(wěn)定，，且技術(shù)上可以實現(xiàn)；而降低有機(jī)基質(zhì)至AOC=7-47μg/L才能控制生物穩(wěn)定性，遠(yuǎn)超出水廠處理能力；確定華南地區(qū)高水溫供水管網(wǎng)中生物穩(wěn)定性主要受余氯控制，與北方地區(qū)受余氯和營養(yǎng)基質(zhì)雙重控制的特性明顯不同。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，管道生物膜沖刷脫落是管網(wǎng)水中細(xì)菌的主要來源，搭建了生物膜模擬反應(yīng)器進(jìn)行其消毒滅活特性研究，1.0mg/L的氯胺或者0.5mg/L的自由氯能夠?qū)⒐鼙谏锬こ浞譁缁钪?00CFU/cm2量級。 （3）對細(xì)菌再生長的深入研究表明，耐氯細(xì)菌在該城市供水管網(wǎng)中普遍存在。經(jīng)鑒定發(fā)現(xiàn)了3株耐氯細(xì)菌，分別為產(chǎn)粘液分支桿菌（條件致病菌）、藤澤氏甲基桿菌、鞘氨醇單胞菌（新種）。耐氯細(xì)菌對消毒劑的抗性：產(chǎn)粘液分支桿菌鞘氨醇單胞菌藤澤氏甲基桿菌�？剐宰顝�(qiáng)的分支桿菌能夠被0.4mg/L的自由氯和0.4mg/L的二氧化氯滅活。因此，應(yīng)改用自由氯或二氧化氯消毒作為管網(wǎng)消毒劑。 （4）根據(jù)上述研究結(jié)果，系統(tǒng)確定了華南地區(qū)高水溫供水管網(wǎng)中保障生物穩(wěn)定性的技術(shù)策略：保障生物穩(wěn)定性需維持管網(wǎng)水高余氯；滅活耐氯細(xì)菌需要采用游離氯或二氧化氯消毒；實現(xiàn)更換消毒劑并維持高余氯，可以通過更換優(yōu)質(zhì)水源、使用生物預(yù)處理、深度處理工藝來改善出廠水中消毒劑的衰減特性。
[Abstract]:In this study, the water supply system of a city in the south of China was chosen as the research object. This water supply system has many outstanding characteristics, such as multi-source water supply, multi-purification technology, high water temperature, various pipe materials, different pipe ages, large pipe network and so on. It has strong complexity, representativeness and challenge in the research of biological stability. By comparing the biological stability of water quality of different water supply networks in this city, this paper discriminates the main indexes of controlling biological stability, and analyzes the treatment ability of different water purification technologies. A comprehensive control strategy for the biological stability of urban pipe networks in humid and hot areas of southern China is put forward. The main research results are as follows: (1) the long-term monitoring of the water quality stability of the municipal water supply network shows that there is obvious problem of bacterial regrowth in the local water supply network of the city. The statistical software is used to analyze the residual chlorine and the hydraulic retention time is the main factor influencing the bacterial growth. The higher the residual chlorine is, the less the bacteria in the pipe network is, and the longer the hydraulic retention time is, the more bacteria in the pipe network. (2) the water supply network of water plant with good water source (class 鈪

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