長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)不透水面率：驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制與水環(huán)境閾值效應(yīng)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-14 18:49
【摘要】：長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)是我國(guó)高度城市化區(qū)域之一，在快速城市化進(jìn)程中該區(qū)域不透水面快速擴(kuò)展，成為影響河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的重要因素。理解掌握不透水面率的驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制，以及不透水面與水環(huán)境之間的壓力響應(yīng)關(guān)系，對(duì)長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)環(huán)境規(guī)劃管理具有十分重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文以長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)的典型區(qū)域—上海為研究區(qū)域，采用典型樣區(qū)分析，結(jié)合GIS土地利用遙感解譯方法，確定了上海地區(qū)各土地利用類型的不透水面系數(shù)，分析了上海地區(qū)總不透水面率的空間分布特征，并對(duì)總不透水面率的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力進(jìn)行了初步探討；同時(shí)基于CLUE-S模型，對(duì)不透水面分布的空間驅(qū)動(dòng)力進(jìn)行探究，并模擬預(yù)測(cè)了區(qū)域未來(lái)不透水面的空間分布；在此基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步探討了不同空間尺度上不透水面與當(dāng)前長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的水環(huán)境指標(biāo)之間的非線性關(guān)系，診斷確定了影響河網(wǎng)水環(huán)境的不透水面數(shù)量閾值。 論文主要結(jié)論包括： 1）上海地區(qū)PTIA為21.33%，中心城區(qū)明顯高于郊區(qū)。中心城區(qū)PTIA為64.90%，是郊區(qū)的3.37倍。PTIA大于50%的區(qū)域占上海地區(qū)總面積的12.71%，大于30%的區(qū)域占上海地區(qū)總面積的25.72%。 2）不同土地利用類型的不透水面系數(shù)差異較大。工業(yè)用地和舊式住宅不透水面系數(shù)較大分別為0.75和0.73，公園綠地較小為0.30。不透水面系數(shù)大小依次為：道路交通用地工業(yè)用地公共建筑用地舊式住宅新式住宅別墅公園綠地農(nóng)業(yè)用地和自然村落住宅。 3）對(duì)PTIA影響最為顯著的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力為人口密度，這一驅(qū)動(dòng)力在較大空間尺度上表現(xiàn)更佳。PTIA與人口密度、單位土地面積GDP和單位土地面積工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值均呈較顯著對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系，其中人口密度相對(duì)更為顯著。對(duì)數(shù)關(guān)系在“市-區(qū)”尺度比“市-郊區(qū)鎮(zhèn)”和“郊區(qū)-鎮(zhèn)”尺度表現(xiàn)更顯著，即驅(qū)動(dòng)作用在較大空間尺度上表現(xiàn)更佳。 4）對(duì)區(qū)域不透水面分布影響較為顯著的空間驅(qū)動(dòng)力是與次干道路和次干河道的距離，其中與次干道路的距離相對(duì)顯著，與次干道路的距離越近，，不透水面分布越多，透水面和水域分布越少。 5） PTIA與河網(wǎng)水環(huán)境指標(biāo)之間存在較明顯的閾值效應(yīng)，躍變點(diǎn)為PTIA=50％，初步提出在未來(lái)長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)城市規(guī)劃建設(shè)中可作為控制指標(biāo)之一。PTIA與水質(zhì)之間表現(xiàn)為非線性關(guān)系，當(dāng)PTIA50%時(shí)，水質(zhì)指標(biāo)（DO除外）基本保持穩(wěn)定，而在PTIA50%時(shí)，水質(zhì)指標(biāo)則表現(xiàn)為明顯的上升趨勢(shì)。DO指標(biāo)與其他指標(biāo)存在顯著差異，隨PTIA不斷增加而呈持續(xù)線性下降趨勢(shì)。在100m~1500m五個(gè)空間尺度上，PTIA與河網(wǎng)水環(huán)境指標(biāo)之間的閾值效應(yīng)未表現(xiàn)顯著的空間尺度效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River Delta region is one of the highly urbanized regions in China. In the process of rapid urbanization, the impermeable surface of the Yangtze River Delta region expands rapidly and becomes an important factor affecting the health of the river ecosystem. Understanding the driving mechanism of impermeable surface rate and the pressure response relationship between impermeable surface and water environment is of great theoretical and practical significance for environmental planning and management in the Yangtze River Delta region. Taking Shanghai, a typical region of the Yangtze River Delta, as the study area, using the typical area analysis and GIS land use remote sensing interpretation method, the impermeable surface coefficient of each land use type in Shanghai is determined. The spatial distribution characteristics of the total impermeable water surface rate in Shanghai are analyzed, and the socio-economic driving force of the total impermeable water surface rate is preliminarily discussed. At the same time, based on the CLUE-S model, the spatial driving force of the impermeable surface distribution is explored, and the spatial distribution of the impermeable water surface in the future is simulated and predicted. On this basis, the nonlinear relationship between the impermeable surface on different spatial scales and the key water environmental indicators concerned in the Yangtze River Delta region is further discussed, and the threshold value of the number of impermeable surfaces affecting the water environment of the river network is determined by diagnostics. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the PTIA of Shanghai is 21.33, and the central district is obviously higher than the suburb. The PTIA of the central urban area is 64.90, which is 3.37 times that of the suburb. The area with PTIA more than 50% accounts for 12.71% of the total area of Shanghai, and the area more than 30% accounts for 25.72% of the total area of Shanghai. 2) the coefficient of impermeability of different land use types is different greatly. The coefficient of impermeability of industrial land and old residence was 0.75 and 0.73, respectively, and that of park green space was 0.30. The coefficient of impermeable surface is as follows: road traffic land industrial land public building land old style residence villa park green land agricultural land and natural village residence. 3) the most significant socio-economic driving force affecting PTIA is population density, which is better on larger spatial scale. PTIA and population density. There is a significant logarithmic relationship between the GDP per unit land area and the gross industrial output value of the unit land area, among which the population density is more significant. The logarithmic relationship is more obvious in the scale of "city-district" than "city-suburban town" and "suburb-town", that is to say, the driving effect is better on larger spatial scale than on the scale of "city-suburban town" and "suburb-town". 4) the spatial driving force affecting the distribution of regional impermeable surface is the distance between the secondary trunk road and the secondary trunk river channel, and the distance between the secondary trunk road and the secondary trunk road is relatively significant, and the closer the distance from the secondary trunk road, the more the impermeable surface distribution. The less the water surface and the water body, the less it distributes. 5) there is obvious threshold effect between PTIA and water environmental index of river network. The jump point is PTIA=50%, which can be used as one of the control indexes in urban planning and construction of Yangtze River Delta region in the future. The relationship between PTIA and water quality is nonlinear. When PTIA50%, the water quality index (except DO) remained stable basically, but in PTIA50%, the water quality index showed an obvious upward trend. There was significant difference between DO index and other indexes, and with the increasing of PTIA, the water quality index showed a continuous linear downward trend. On the five spatial scales of 100m~1500m, there was no significant spatial scale effect between PTIA and the water environmental index of river network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X143
本文編號(hào)：2379140
[Abstract]:The Yangtze River Delta region is one of the highly urbanized regions in China. In the process of rapid urbanization, the impermeable surface of the Yangtze River Delta region expands rapidly and becomes an important factor affecting the health of the river ecosystem. Understanding the driving mechanism of impermeable surface rate and the pressure response relationship between impermeable surface and water environment is of great theoretical and practical significance for environmental planning and management in the Yangtze River Delta region. Taking Shanghai, a typical region of the Yangtze River Delta, as the study area, using the typical area analysis and GIS land use remote sensing interpretation method, the impermeable surface coefficient of each land use type in Shanghai is determined. The spatial distribution characteristics of the total impermeable water surface rate in Shanghai are analyzed, and the socio-economic driving force of the total impermeable water surface rate is preliminarily discussed. At the same time, based on the CLUE-S model, the spatial driving force of the impermeable surface distribution is explored, and the spatial distribution of the impermeable water surface in the future is simulated and predicted. On this basis, the nonlinear relationship between the impermeable surface on different spatial scales and the key water environmental indicators concerned in the Yangtze River Delta region is further discussed, and the threshold value of the number of impermeable surfaces affecting the water environment of the river network is determined by diagnostics. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the PTIA of Shanghai is 21.33, and the central district is obviously higher than the suburb. The PTIA of the central urban area is 64.90, which is 3.37 times that of the suburb. The area with PTIA more than 50% accounts for 12.71% of the total area of Shanghai, and the area more than 30% accounts for 25.72% of the total area of Shanghai. 2) the coefficient of impermeability of different land use types is different greatly. The coefficient of impermeability of industrial land and old residence was 0.75 and 0.73, respectively, and that of park green space was 0.30. The coefficient of impermeable surface is as follows: road traffic land industrial land public building land old style residence villa park green land agricultural land and natural village residence. 3) the most significant socio-economic driving force affecting PTIA is population density, which is better on larger spatial scale. PTIA and population density. There is a significant logarithmic relationship between the GDP per unit land area and the gross industrial output value of the unit land area, among which the population density is more significant. The logarithmic relationship is more obvious in the scale of "city-district" than "city-suburban town" and "suburb-town", that is to say, the driving effect is better on larger spatial scale than on the scale of "city-suburban town" and "suburb-town". 4) the spatial driving force affecting the distribution of regional impermeable surface is the distance between the secondary trunk road and the secondary trunk river channel, and the distance between the secondary trunk road and the secondary trunk road is relatively significant, and the closer the distance from the secondary trunk road, the more the impermeable surface distribution. The less the water surface and the water body, the less it distributes. 5) there is obvious threshold effect between PTIA and water environmental index of river network. The jump point is PTIA=50%, which can be used as one of the control indexes in urban planning and construction of Yangtze River Delta region in the future. The relationship between PTIA and water quality is nonlinear. When PTIA50%, the water quality index (except DO) remained stable basically, but in PTIA50%, the water quality index showed an obvious upward trend. There was significant difference between DO index and other indexes, and with the increasing of PTIA, the water quality index showed a continuous linear downward trend. On the five spatial scales of 100m~1500m, there was no significant spatial scale effect between PTIA and the water environmental index of river network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：X143
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