【摘要】：本世紀以來,森林資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展越來越得到人們的重視,立足生態(tài)學、大力發(fā)展“近自然林業(yè)”,是森林資源永續(xù)發(fā)展的有效方法。我國森林公園建設進入飛速發(fā)展的階段,大量國家和省級森林公園如雨后春筍搬涌現(xiàn)。本研究采用層次分析法構建森林公園森林近自然度評價體系,定量定性相結合地評價石燕湖森林公園的近自然度,從而有針對性地提出近自然改造方法。 森林公園的近自然設計是在生態(tài)學的基礎上,綜合運用森林培育技術來營建近自然林群落為主的森林公園生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。本文以石燕湖森林公園為例作了粗淺的討論,希望為后續(xù)的相關研究提供有價值的借鑒。論文得到結果如下： (1)構建了森林公園近自然度評價體系。選取樹種多樣性、林分活力、結構特征、干擾度4個方面的12個指標作為指標層,分別為：物種豐富度、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)、Shannon-wiener指數(shù)、重要值、頂級適應值、林分更新狀況、郁閉度、蓄積量、頂級樹種優(yōu)勢度、林層結構、采伐強度、枯立木狀況；創(chuàng)新地引入自然構成指數(shù)和林層指數(shù)來分別反映頂級樹種優(yōu)勢度和林層結構；利用灰色關聯(lián)度法,將構建的近自然度評價體系中的各個指標進行量綱統(tǒng)一和量化,完成對各指標的標準化；對4塊樣地分別進行近自然度評價,得到每塊樣地的近自然度指數(shù)為0.38、0.62、0.48和0.36。 (2)得到石燕湖森林公園4個樣地的近自然度等級分別是是Ⅲ級(鄉(xiāng)土樹種純林或外來樹種與鄉(xiāng)土樹種混交林),V級(次生林),Ⅳ級(鄉(xiāng)土樹種混交林),Ⅲ級(鄉(xiāng)土樹種純林或外來樹種與鄉(xiāng)土樹種混交林),并進行各自的森林狀態(tài)分析,從而總結出石燕湖森林公園的森林近自然程度偏低的結論。 (3)針對近自然度評價下的石燕湖森林公園不同級別森林植被分別設計出分等級的改良方案：(1)對石燕湖低近自然度等級的植物群落,采用整地和撫育的方法,進行幼林撫育和混交林的營造,使之能在短時間內迅速萌蔭成林,改變目前退化的狀況。再監(jiān)測的基礎上,再不斷間伐改良。直至成為中等近自然度等級的森林群落,再隨之改變作業(yè)方式；(2)對于中等近自然度等級的森林群落,視作風景林進行設計,包括風景林的撫育整形和撫育改造兩個方面,同時兼顧森林的美觀度。主要方法有近自然法,兼顧森林演替法、透視伐和綜合撫育伐,進行撫育整形,過程中利用定性和定量相結合的方法來確定采伐強度；(3)對于高近自然度等級的森林群落,擬視作自然保護區(qū)特用林,采用近自然法經營和封育保護相結合的方法。
[Abstract]:Since this century, people pay more and more attention to the sustainable development of forest resources. It is an effective method to develop "near natural forestry" based on ecology. The construction of forest parks in China has entered the stage of rapid development, and a large number of national and provincial forest parks have sprung up. In this study, the evaluation system of forest near-naturalness of forest park was constructed by AHP, and the near naturalness of Shiyan Lake forest park was evaluated by combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, and the method of near-natural transformation was put forward. The near natural design of forest park is based on ecology and comprehensive use of forest cultivation technology to build forest park ecosystem which is dominated by natural forest community. Taking Shiyan Lake Forest Park as an example, this paper makes a brief discussion, hoping to provide valuable reference for further research. The results are as follows: (1) A forest park near natural degree evaluation system is constructed. Twelve indexes of tree species diversity, stand vigor, structural characteristics and disturbance degree were selected as index layers, which were: species richness, Pielou evenness index, Shannon-wiener index, important value, top fitness value, stand regeneration status. Canopy density, storage capacity, dominant degree of top tree species, forest structure, cutting intensity, dry stand condition; The natural composition index and forest layer index were introduced to reflect the dominance of top tree species and forest structure respectively. By using the method of grey correlation degree, every index in the evaluation system of near-naturalness is unified and quantified, and the standardization of each index is completed. The near naturalness index of each sample plot was 0.38 0. 62 0. 48 and 0. 36 respectively. (2) the near naturality grade of the four plots in Shiyan Lake Forest Park was grade 鈪，

本文編號：2371827