【摘要】：隨著城市的不斷發(fā)展,人們生活水平的提高與文明意識(shí)的進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng),城市公共衛(wèi)生間作為城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的重要組成部分,越來(lái)越受到人們的關(guān)注�，F(xiàn)代生活賦予高度私密的衛(wèi)生間以多重身份,衛(wèi)生間不再只是解決生理需求的場(chǎng)所,它還必須滿足功能全面、使用舒適、設(shè)計(jì)人性化等精神需求,給如廁者以一定的心理回應(yīng)。這是一個(gè)從生理到心理的逾越過(guò)程,正是這個(gè)過(guò)程的存在,才導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代公共衛(wèi)生間的重新審視。因此,對(duì)城市公共衛(wèi)生間的設(shè)計(jì)研究越來(lái)越值得我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)師的關(guān)注。 建筑現(xiàn)象學(xué)是由哲學(xué)思想現(xiàn)象學(xué)引申而來(lái),從胡塞爾開始,經(jīng)過(guò)梅洛—龐蒂的知覺現(xiàn)象學(xué)和海德格爾的存在現(xiàn)象學(xué),進(jìn)入舒爾茨建筑現(xiàn)象學(xué)的領(lǐng)域——場(chǎng)所精神,然后通過(guò)史蒂文·霍爾等建筑師的實(shí)踐創(chuàng)作而發(fā)展的。本文主要基于建筑現(xiàn)象學(xué)的角度來(lái)考察城市公共衛(wèi)生間的場(chǎng)所特征,關(guān)注人們?cè)谑褂贸鞘泄残l(wèi)生間過(guò)程中的視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、觸覺等知覺體驗(yàn)。 本文首先對(duì)相關(guān)理論——建筑現(xiàn)象學(xué)進(jìn)行辨析,找出適合城市公共衛(wèi)生間設(shè)計(jì)研究的分析方式。 然后簡(jiǎn)要闡述了衛(wèi)生間的定義、分類及其發(fā)展的歷程。通過(guò)闡述城市公共衛(wèi)生間的歷史發(fā)展,對(duì)城市公共衛(wèi)生間的發(fā)展歷程及現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,了解我國(guó)城市公共衛(wèi)生間的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀以及與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家之間的差距。 隨后作者對(duì)城市公共衛(wèi)生間場(chǎng)所特征進(jìn)行考察,分別從城市公共衛(wèi)生間外部、內(nèi)部場(chǎng)所特征兩方面來(lái)進(jìn)行研究討論,它是城市的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,是城市建筑中體小量大的公共場(chǎng)所,也是個(gè)傳達(dá)城市文明與進(jìn)步的公共場(chǎng)所,而且他應(yīng)具有可識(shí)別性。而從其內(nèi)部場(chǎng)所特征來(lái)看,他應(yīng)是解決城市人生理需求的公共場(chǎng)所,也是城市人休憩的公共場(chǎng)所,更是一個(gè)公共設(shè)施密集且以性別劃分的公共場(chǎng)所。根據(jù)其場(chǎng)所特征得出其場(chǎng)所精神應(yīng)一個(gè)建筑形態(tài)與周圍環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào),一個(gè)真正令人從生理到心理釋放的輕松愉悅的場(chǎng)所。 接著分析公共衛(wèi)生間內(nèi)對(duì)人體感知——視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、觸覺體驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生影響的因素,如其建筑形態(tài)、光照、色彩、隔音、通風(fēng)、材質(zhì)及無(wú)障礙等方面,希望能創(chuàng)造出充滿人性化,視覺體驗(yàn)良好,光環(huán)境豐富柔和,聲環(huán)境愉悅,嗅覺滿意的城市公共衛(wèi)生間。 最后,通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)例分析,力求詮釋人們?cè)诠残l(wèi)生間內(nèi)感受到最佳知覺體驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the city, the improvement of people's living standard and the further strengthening of civilization consciousness, urban public toilet, as an important part of urban infrastructure, has been paid more and more attention. Modern life endows the highly private bathroom with multiple identities, and the toilet is no longer just a place to solve physiological needs, but also must meet the spiritual needs of comprehensive function, comfortable use, design of humanization, and give a certain psychological response to the toilet users. This is a process from physiology to psychology. It is the existence of this process that leads to the reexamination of modern public toilets. Therefore, the design of urban public toilets is more and more worthy of our designer's attention. The phenomenology of architecture is derived from the phenomenology of philosophical thought. From Husserl, through Melo-Ponty 's phenomenology of perception and Heidegger's phenomenology of existence, it enters the field of Schultz's phenomenology of architecture-the spirit of place. And then through the practice of Steven Hall and other architects to develop. Based on the phenomenological perspective of architecture, this paper investigates the local characteristics of urban public toilets, and pays attention to the visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and other perceptual experiences of people in the process of using urban public toilets. In this paper, we first analyze the theory of architectural phenomenology, and find out the analysis method suitable for urban public toilet design. Then, the definition, classification and development of toilet are briefly described. Through expounding the historical development of urban public restrooms, this paper analyzes the development course and present situation of urban public restrooms, and finds out the development situation of urban public toilets in China and the gap between the urban public toilets and developed countries. Then the author investigates the characteristics of the public restrooms in the city and discusses them from two aspects: the exterior of the urban public toilets and the characteristics of the internal places. It is the infrastructure of the city and a small number of large public places in urban buildings. It is also a public place that conveys urban civilization and progress, and it should be recognizable. From the point of view of its internal characteristics, it should be a public place to meet the physiological needs of urban people, a public place for urban people to rest, and a public place with dense public facilities and divided by sex. According to the characteristics of the place, it is concluded that the spirit of the place should be harmonious with the surrounding environment, and a relaxing and pleasant place which can be released from physiology to psychology. Then it analyzes the factors that affect human perception in public toilets, such as building shape, illumination, color, sound insulation, ventilation, material quality and accessibility, etc, which affect the human body perception-vision, hearing, smell, tactile experience, etc. We hope to create a city public toilet full of humanization, good visual experience, rich and soft light environment, pleasant sound environment and satisfying sense of smell. Finally, through the analysis of examples, we try to interpret the best perceptual experience in public toilets.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU247.9

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本文編號(hào)：2357282