【摘要】：瀝青作為一種重要的工程材料在道路鋪設(shè)、屋面防水等方面應(yīng)用廣泛，，但在紫外線照射下易發(fā)生老化而影響使用壽命。水滑石具有優(yōu)異的紫外線屏蔽與吸收性能，可用于瀝青中改善瀝青的耐紫外老化性能。 本文將Mg_2Al-CO_3-LDHs、Mg_3ZnAl_2-CO_3-LDHs和Zn_2Al-CO_3 LDHs等三種不同組成的鎂鋅基水滑石加入瀝青中制備了水滑石改性瀝青，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了紫外加速老化試驗(yàn)，研究了水滑石改性瀝青的基本性能及其耐紫外老化性能。結(jié)果顯示，瀝青的粘度和軟化點(diǎn)隨水滑石添加量的增大而提高，使瀝青的高溫性能得到了顯著改善，提高了抗車(chē)轍性能，其中Mg_3ZnAl_2-CO_3-LDHs對(duì)瀝青的高溫性能提升效果最為顯著。紫外老化實(shí)驗(yàn)后，三種改性瀝青的軟化點(diǎn)增量均較基質(zhì)瀝青明顯下降，且隨著添加量的增加降幅增大，表明水滑石顯著提高了瀝青的耐紫外老化性能，其中Zn_2Al-CO_3-LDHs的提高效果更為明顯。將水滑石進(jìn)行表面有機(jī)化改性后，瀝青的軟化點(diǎn)和粘度等基本性能得到進(jìn)一步提升，但其對(duì)瀝青耐紫外老化性能的提高低于未改性水滑石。 目前工業(yè)制備水滑石的工藝一般均為共沉淀工藝，其生產(chǎn)成本高且副產(chǎn)大量低價(jià)值的無(wú)機(jī)鹽，洗滌過(guò)程對(duì)水的消耗極大。本論文以我國(guó)富產(chǎn)的水鎂石礦以及Al(OH)_3、ZnO和CO_2為原料，采用清潔工藝制備了不同層板組成的鎂鋅基水滑石，考察了反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時(shí)間和研磨方式等因素對(duì)鎂鋅基水滑石制備的影響，優(yōu)化了制備路線。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，提高反應(yīng)溫度、延長(zhǎng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間以及采用球磨方式對(duì)原料進(jìn)行預(yù)處理等，有利于得到晶體結(jié)構(gòu)完整的水滑石；制備鎂鋁水滑石時(shí)，當(dāng)原料的鎂鋁比由2提高到3時(shí)，產(chǎn)物中出現(xiàn)了堿式碳酸鎂雜質(zhì)；制備鎂鋅鋁水滑石時(shí)，當(dāng)鎂鋅比高于1:1時(shí)，可制備出晶相單一的水滑石，當(dāng)達(dá)到1:1時(shí)，產(chǎn)物中出現(xiàn)Zn(OH)_2雜質(zhì)。 在實(shí)驗(yàn)室小試基礎(chǔ)上，本論文采用清潔工藝在昌平科技園中試基地1000t/a中試裝置上開(kāi)展了鎂基水滑石的中試制備實(shí)驗(yàn)，研究了反應(yīng)釜體積放大帶來(lái)的放大效應(yīng)，并對(duì)中試工藝條件進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。結(jié)果表明，提高反應(yīng)溫度、增加原料的比表面有利于制備晶體結(jié)構(gòu)完整的水滑石產(chǎn)品。
[Abstract]:Asphalt, as an important engineering material, is widely used in road laying, roof waterproofing and so on. However, it is easy to aging under ultraviolet radiation, which affects service life. Hydrotalcite has excellent UV shielding and absorption properties and can be used to improve the UV aging resistance of asphalt. In this paper, hydrotalcite modified asphalt was prepared by adding three kinds of magnesium zinc based hydrotalcite, Mg_2Al-CO_3-LDHs,Mg_3ZnAl_2-CO_3-LDHs and Zn_2Al-CO_3 LDHs, into asphalt. The basic properties and UV aging resistance of hydrotalcite modified asphalt were studied. The results show that the viscosity and softening point of asphalt increase with the increase of the content of hydrotalcite, and the high temperature performance of asphalt is improved significantly, and the rutting resistance is improved. Mg_3ZnAl_2-CO_3-LDHs is the most effective method to improve the high temperature performance of asphalt. After ultraviolet aging, the increment of softening point of the three kinds of modified asphalt was obviously lower than that of the base asphalt, and the decrease increased with the increase of the content of the modified asphalt, which indicated that hydrotalcite had significantly improved the UV aging resistance of the asphalt. The improvement effect of Zn_2Al-CO_3-LDHs is more obvious. The basic properties of asphalt such as softening point and viscosity were further improved after surface modification of hydrotalcite, but the improvement of UV aging resistance of asphalt was lower than that of unmodified hydrotalcite. At present, the industrial preparation of hydrotalcite is a coprecipitation process, which has a high production cost and a large amount of low value inorganic salt. The washing process consumes a great deal of water. In this paper, magnesium zinc based hydrotalcite with different laminates was prepared from brucite rich in China and Al (OH) _ 3O and CO_2 as raw materials. The reaction temperature was investigated. The influence of reaction time and grinding method on the preparation of magnesium-zinc based hydrotalcite was studied and the preparation route was optimized. It was found that increasing reaction temperature, prolonging reaction time and pretreatment of raw materials by ball milling were beneficial to the preparation of hydrotalcite with intact crystal structure. When the ratio of magnesium to aluminum is increased from 2 to 3, the basic magnesium carbonate impurity appears in the preparation of magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite. When the mg Zn Al hydrotalcite is prepared, when the mg / Zn ratio is higher than 1:1, the single crystalline hydrotalcite can be prepared. When 1:1, the impurity of Zn (OH) _ 2 appears in the product. On the basis of laboratory experiment, the pilot-scale preparation experiment of magnesium-based hydrotalcite was carried out in the pilot-scale 1000t/a plant of Changping Science and Technology Park by cleaning process, and the amplification effect of reactor volume amplification was studied. The process conditions were optimized. The results show that increasing the reaction temperature and increasing the specific surface of the raw material is beneficial to the preparation of hydrotalcite with complete crystal structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU535

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本文編號(hào)：2356065