銀納米線的合成與殺菌作用研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-25 08:14
【摘要】：生活飲用水安全與人體健康息息相關(guān)。研究表明，在我國，細(xì)菌超標(biāo)是造成生活飲用水不安全的首要原因。而在許多地區(qū)尤其是邊遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)村，因經(jīng)濟(jì)、地理原因，無法保證安全衛(wèi)生的飲用水。因此，開發(fā)飲用水除菌殺菌的新方法、新材料，具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 據(jù)文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研，通電銀納米線對(duì)水中大腸桿菌具有快速高效殺菌作用，為此，本論文開展對(duì)銀納米線的合成、負(fù)載、殺菌性能的研究工作，并對(duì)一種基于銀納米線的殺菌凈水器進(jìn)行了初步設(shè)計(jì)。研究得到以下主要結(jié)果和結(jié)論： 以20mL乙二醇為還原劑，90mg硝酸銀為銀源，運(yùn)用微波加熱合成法可快速制備銀納米線。為使產(chǎn)物形態(tài)以納米線為主，需投加氯離子控制還原速度，需投加PVP（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）引導(dǎo)銀晶種一維方向成長，并控制適當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)時(shí)間。較好的合成條件為：氯化鈉投量2.5-5.0mg、PVP/AgNO_3摩爾比例2-5，微波功率320W，反應(yīng)時(shí)間3.5min。過低的微波功率如80W、160W令銀納米線長度短，而過高的微波功率如800W則導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)物形態(tài)顆�；Ａ硗�，運(yùn)用800W0.5min+320W2.5min組合功率進(jìn)行合成，能夠顯著提高銀納米線產(chǎn)量與長度，并進(jìn)一步減少副產(chǎn)物銀顆粒的生成。使用電子顯微鏡、XRD、UV-Vis、SAED等手段對(duì)銀納米線形貌、晶體結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征，其線徑為50-70nm，長度最高達(dá)10μ m，，為孿晶結(jié)構(gòu)。 運(yùn)用UV膠作為粘膠劑，實(shí)現(xiàn)銀納米線在碳布上的負(fù)載。施加UV膠令納米線穩(wěn)定負(fù)載，卻會(huì)降低材料殺菌效能；足夠的銀納米線負(fù)載量能在碳纖維表面構(gòu)成導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)，從而發(fā)揮高效的殺菌性能；銀納米線殺菌率與通電電壓正相關(guān)。最佳的施膠濃度為1.25%；理想的銀納米線負(fù)載量為2.16mg，施加10V電壓，對(duì)106CFU/mL大腸桿菌菌液殺菌率達(dá)83.3%，同比碳布僅為47.6%；銀納米線殺菌率受進(jìn)水菌濃度、鹽度變化的影響小，在菌液濃度變化（10~2-10~6CFU/mL）和鹽度變化（5-20mM）時(shí)，穩(wěn)定保持81.4%-94.4%較高殺菌率；若濾速增大則顯著降低銀納米線殺菌率。 銀納米線-碳布的殺菌機(jī)理包括：（1）通電銀納米線表面產(chǎn)生高電場，擊穿并滅活細(xì)菌；（2）通電碳布對(duì)細(xì)菌的直接和間接氧化作用。（3）電解含氯化鈉菌液過程產(chǎn)氯溶解于水中，自由氯的強(qiáng)氧化性起殺菌作用。 初步設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于銀納米線的便攜式殺菌凈水器，包括水體預(yù)處理、殺菌組件和電源；并設(shè)計(jì)了手搖自發(fā)電裝置和升壓裝置，使凈水器具備自供電功能和殺菌電壓可調(diào)功能。
[Abstract]:The safety of drinking water is closely related to human health. The study shows that bacteria exceeding the standard is the primary cause of unsafe drinking water in China. In many areas, especially in remote rural areas, for economic and geographical reasons, there is no guarantee of safe and hygienic drinking water. Therefore, it is of practical significance to develop new methods and materials for sterilization of drinking water. According to the literature investigation, the silver nanowires have a rapid and efficient bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli in water. Therefore, the research work on the synthesis, loading and bactericidal properties of silver nanowires has been carried out in this paper. A bactericidal water purifier based on silver nanowires was designed. The main results and conclusions are as follows: silver nanowires can be rapidly prepared by microwave heating with 20mL glycol as reducing agent and 90mg silver nitrate as silver source. In order to make the product form nanowires, it is necessary to add chlorine ion to control the reduction rate, to add PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) to guide the growth of silver seed in one dimension direction, and to control the appropriate reaction time. The optimum conditions are as follows: the dosage of sodium chloride is 2.5-5.0 mg / g PVP / Agno _ 3 molar ratio 2-5, microwave power 320W, reaction time 3.5min. Too low microwave power such as 80WN 160W makes the length of silver nanowires short, while too high microwave power such as 800W leads to the morphology granulation of the products. In addition, the production and length of silver nanowires can be significantly increased by 800W0.5min 320W2.5min combined power synthesis, and the formation of silver particles can be further reduced. The morphology and crystal structure of silver nanowires were characterized by means of electron microscope and XRD,UV-Vis,SAED. The diameter of silver nanowires was 50-70 nm and the maximum length was 10 渭 m. Silver nanowires loaded on carbon cloth were realized by using UV adhesive as viscose agent. UV glue can stabilize the loading of nanowires, but it will reduce the bactericidal efficacy of the materials; adequate loading of silver nanowires can form a conductive network on the surface of carbon fiber, thus exerting efficient bactericidal properties; the bactericidal rate of silver nanowires is positively correlated with the current voltage. The optimum sizing concentration was 1.25, the optimal loading amount of silver nanowires was 2.16 mg, the sterilization rate of 106CFU/mL Escherichia coli solution was 83.3%, and the carbon cloth was only 47.6%. The bactericidal rate of silver nanowires was little influenced by influent concentration and salinity. When the concentration of bacteria solution (10~2-10~6CFU/mL) and salinity (5-20mM) changed, the bactericidal rate of silver nanowires was 81.4% -94.4%. If the filtration rate is increased, the bactericidal rate of silver nanowires will be significantly reduced. The bactericidal mechanism of silver nanowires-carbon cloth includes: (1) the surface of silver nanowires has a high electric field, which breaks down and inactivates bacteria; (2) direct and indirect oxidation of bacteria by electrified carbon cloth. (3) chlorine production from electrolytic solution containing sodium chloride dissolved in water, and the strong oxidation of free chlorine played a bactericidal role. A portable sterilizing water purifier based on silver nanowires was designed, including water pretreatment, sterilization module and power supply, and a manual self-generating device and a voltage booster device were designed to enable the water purifier to have the function of self-supply power and adjustable sterilization voltage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2
本文編號(hào)：2355415
[Abstract]:The safety of drinking water is closely related to human health. The study shows that bacteria exceeding the standard is the primary cause of unsafe drinking water in China. In many areas, especially in remote rural areas, for economic and geographical reasons, there is no guarantee of safe and hygienic drinking water. Therefore, it is of practical significance to develop new methods and materials for sterilization of drinking water. According to the literature investigation, the silver nanowires have a rapid and efficient bactericidal effect on Escherichia coli in water. Therefore, the research work on the synthesis, loading and bactericidal properties of silver nanowires has been carried out in this paper. A bactericidal water purifier based on silver nanowires was designed. The main results and conclusions are as follows: silver nanowires can be rapidly prepared by microwave heating with 20mL glycol as reducing agent and 90mg silver nitrate as silver source. In order to make the product form nanowires, it is necessary to add chlorine ion to control the reduction rate, to add PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) to guide the growth of silver seed in one dimension direction, and to control the appropriate reaction time. The optimum conditions are as follows: the dosage of sodium chloride is 2.5-5.0 mg / g PVP / Agno _ 3 molar ratio 2-5, microwave power 320W, reaction time 3.5min. Too low microwave power such as 80WN 160W makes the length of silver nanowires short, while too high microwave power such as 800W leads to the morphology granulation of the products. In addition, the production and length of silver nanowires can be significantly increased by 800W0.5min 320W2.5min combined power synthesis, and the formation of silver particles can be further reduced. The morphology and crystal structure of silver nanowires were characterized by means of electron microscope and XRD,UV-Vis,SAED. The diameter of silver nanowires was 50-70 nm and the maximum length was 10 渭 m. Silver nanowires loaded on carbon cloth were realized by using UV adhesive as viscose agent. UV glue can stabilize the loading of nanowires, but it will reduce the bactericidal efficacy of the materials; adequate loading of silver nanowires can form a conductive network on the surface of carbon fiber, thus exerting efficient bactericidal properties; the bactericidal rate of silver nanowires is positively correlated with the current voltage. The optimum sizing concentration was 1.25, the optimal loading amount of silver nanowires was 2.16 mg, the sterilization rate of 106CFU/mL Escherichia coli solution was 83.3%, and the carbon cloth was only 47.6%. The bactericidal rate of silver nanowires was little influenced by influent concentration and salinity. When the concentration of bacteria solution (10~2-10~6CFU/mL) and salinity (5-20mM) changed, the bactericidal rate of silver nanowires was 81.4% -94.4%. If the filtration rate is increased, the bactericidal rate of silver nanowires will be significantly reduced. The bactericidal mechanism of silver nanowires-carbon cloth includes: (1) the surface of silver nanowires has a high electric field, which breaks down and inactivates bacteria; (2) direct and indirect oxidation of bacteria by electrified carbon cloth. (3) chlorine production from electrolytic solution containing sodium chloride dissolved in water, and the strong oxidation of free chlorine played a bactericidal role. A portable sterilizing water purifier based on silver nanowires was designed, including water pretreatment, sterilization module and power supply, and a manual self-generating device and a voltage booster device were designed to enable the water purifier to have the function of self-supply power and adjustable sterilization voltage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2
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