【摘要】：傳感器故障不僅會(huì)影響制冷空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行狀況，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致運(yùn)行能耗的增加。傳感器的故障檢測(cè)、診斷及重構(gòu)研究是制冷空調(diào)領(lǐng)域與自動(dòng)控制領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)交叉研究方向，近年來(lái)逐漸受到關(guān)注和重視。冷水機(jī)組是制冷空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的主要供能設(shè)備，，也是制冷空調(diào)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行與耗能的核心設(shè)備，冷水機(jī)組傳感器的故障檢測(cè)、診斷及重構(gòu)研究，具有非常重要的理論研究意義和工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 主元分析是傳感器故障檢測(cè)、診斷及重構(gòu)研究中常用的數(shù)據(jù)分析方法。首先分析整理了以Q統(tǒng)計(jì)量為檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基于主元分析的傳感器故障檢測(cè)、診斷及重構(gòu)策略。結(jié)合熱平衡原理以及冷水機(jī)組運(yùn)行的控制邏輯，分析和篩選了冷水機(jī)組中的常用8個(gè)傳感器——冷凍水側(cè)供水溫度、回水溫度、流量，冷卻水側(cè)供水溫度、回水溫度、流量，機(jī)組功率以及制冷劑流量調(diào)節(jié)裝置反饋信號(hào)組成了主元分析的耦合模型，并分析了不同傳感器不同故障程度下的故障檢測(cè)效率特點(diǎn)。然后采用了實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)和模擬數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和驗(yàn)證工作。結(jié)果表明，不同傳感器在不同故障條件下，檢測(cè)效率差異很大�；谥髟治龅膫鞲衅鞴收蠙z測(cè)方法在小偏差故障條件下的故障檢測(cè)效率較低，而且部分傳感器的整體故障檢測(cè)效率偏低。 針對(duì)傳感器故障檢測(cè)效率有待進(jìn)一步提高的問(wèn)題，從訓(xùn)練矩陣優(yōu)化、測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)優(yōu)化、檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)優(yōu)化三方面分析了一系列改善和提高基于主元分析的水冷冷水機(jī)組傳感器故障檢測(cè)效率的方法。 在訓(xùn)練矩陣優(yōu)化方面，依據(jù)距離度量的概念，建立了兩種訓(xùn)練矩陣優(yōu)化的方法。一種是以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化原始數(shù)據(jù)歐氏距離作為異常數(shù)據(jù)的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，剔除歐氏距離z得分大于2的異常數(shù)據(jù)，建立了結(jié)合基于距離度量異常值剔除的主元分析故障檢測(cè)策略；另一種以Q統(tǒng)計(jì)量閾值Qα作為異常數(shù)據(jù)的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，采用嚴(yán)格的自適應(yīng)異常數(shù)據(jù)循環(huán)剔除方法，建立了自適應(yīng)主元分析故障檢測(cè)策略。兩種方法的主要目的均是通過(guò)剔除原始數(shù)據(jù)中偏離聚集中心的數(shù)據(jù)，減少異常數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)主元分析正交投影空間的影響。 在測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)優(yōu)化方面，采用小波變換方法優(yōu)化原始訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)和后續(xù)被測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，去除數(shù)據(jù)中的噪聲。由于小波變換具有可變的層次性，因此進(jìn)一步對(duì)比分析了不同小波分解層次對(duì)檢測(cè)效率的影響。當(dāng)分解層次越多時(shí)，檢測(cè)效率提高越明顯。 在檢驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)優(yōu)化方面，通過(guò)多統(tǒng)計(jì)量的交叉檢驗(yàn)提高故障檢測(cè)效率。對(duì)比分析了Q統(tǒng)計(jì)量、T~2統(tǒng)計(jì)量和HawkinsT~2_H統(tǒng)計(jì)量對(duì)于不同傳感器不同故障的檢測(cè)效率。通過(guò)主元空間統(tǒng)計(jì)量——T~2統(tǒng)計(jì)量和殘差空間統(tǒng)計(jì)量——Q統(tǒng)計(jì)量及Hawkins T~2_H統(tǒng)計(jì)量的交叉檢驗(yàn)，能明顯提高在小偏差條件下的整體故障檢測(cè)效率。為了進(jìn)一步提高對(duì)故障的及時(shí)檢測(cè)，以訓(xùn)練矩陣Q統(tǒng)計(jì)量的均值作為預(yù)期均值，采用Q統(tǒng)計(jì)量的累積和控制圖進(jìn)行在線(xiàn)檢測(cè)及其效率分析，利用誤差的時(shí)間累積性提高對(duì)微小偏差故障的檢測(cè)效率。 結(jié)果表明，上述方法均能改善和提高冷水機(jī)組傳感器的故障檢測(cè)效率，從而促進(jìn)傳感器故障診斷及數(shù)據(jù)重構(gòu)研究的敏感性。
[Abstract]:The sensor failure will not only affect the operating conditions of the refrigeration and air conditioning system, but also result in an increase in operating energy consumption. The fault detection, diagnosis and reconstruction of the sensor is a cross-research direction in the field of refrigeration and air-conditioning and automatic control, and has been paid more attention and attention in recent years. Chiller is the main energy-supply equipment of the refrigeration and air-conditioning system. It is also the core equipment for the operation and energy consumption of the refrigeration and air-conditioning system. The fault detection, diagnosis and reconstruction of the water chilling unit sensor has very important theoretical research significance and engineering application value. The main element analysis is the data analysis commonly used in the research of sensor fault detection, diagnosis and reconstruction Methods: First, the fault detection, diagnosis and reconstruction of the sensor based on the primary element analysis of Q statistics is analyzed. the water supply temperature, the water return temperature, the flow rate, the water supply temperature of the cooling water side and the water return temperature are analyzed and screened in combination with the heat balance principle and the control logic of the operation of the water chilling unit, The coupling model of the main element analysis is composed of the flow rate, the unit power and the feedback signal of the refrigerant flow regulating device, and the failure detection efficiency of different sensors under different fault conditions is analyzed. Characteristics. The measured data and the analog data data are then used for analysis and verification. The results show that the detection efficiency of different sensors is different under different fault conditions. The sensor fault detection method based on the primary element analysis is low in fault detection efficiency under the condition of small deviation fault, and the whole fault detection efficiency of the partial sensor In view of the problem that the sensor fault detection efficiency is to be further improved, the fault detection of the water-cooled water chilling unit based on the main element analysis is analyzed from the aspects of the training matrix optimization, the measurement data optimization and the test standard optimization. The method of efficiency. In the optimization of training matrix, two kinds of training are set up according to the concept of distance measure. The invention relates to a method for optimizing the training matrix. The method comprises the following steps of: taking the Euclidean distance of the standardized raw data as the judgment standard of the abnormal data, and removing the abnormal data with the Euclidean distance z score of more than 2, and establishing a main element combined with the elimination of the abnormal value based on the distance metric; The fault detection strategy is analyzed, and the self-adaptive main element is established by using the strict self-adaptive abnormal data cyclic elimination method based on the Q statistic threshold Q value as the judgment standard of the abnormal data. The main purpose of the two methods is to reduce the abnormal data to the main element by eliminating the data from the collection center in the original data. The influence of the cross-projection space. In the aspect of data optimization, the method of wavelet transform is used to optimize the original training data and the follow-up. The data is used to remove the noise in the data. The wavelet transform has the variable hierarchy, so it is further compared and analyzed the different wavelength division. The effect of the solution level on the detection efficiency. The more the decomposition level The more the detection efficiency is, the more statistical it is to test the standard optimization. The efficiency of fault detection is improved by cross-checking of quantity. The statistics of Q statistics, T ~ 2 statistic and HawksT ~ 2 _ H statistic are compared and analyzed. The detection efficiency of different sensors of different sensors can be obviously improved by cross-checking the statistics of the statistics of the main element space _ T-2 and the statistic quantity of the residual space _ Q and the statistic quantity of Hawkins T-2 _ H. in order to further improve the timely detection of the fault, the average value of the statistical quantity of the training matrix Q is used as the expected mean value, the accumulation and control charts of the Q statistics are adopted to carry out on-line detection and the efficiency analysis, and the time accumulative property of the error is utilized. The results show that the method can improve and improve the fault detection efficiency of the water chilling unit sensor, so as to promote the transmission
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU831.4

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