【摘要】：本研究依據(jù)新《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB5749-2006）的規(guī)范要求，針對(duì)常規(guī)工藝處理北方寒冷地區(qū)低溫高色高氨氮水源水效果不佳的問題，將凹凸棒土改性為一種新型載體絮凝吸附劑與分子篩，從反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)與物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化等方面探索反應(yīng)機(jī)理，并運(yùn)用表面絡(luò)合-吸附-混凝理論與正交-響應(yīng)面分析法，研究基于改性凹凸棒土的“載體絮凝-高效沉淀-預(yù)涂膜過濾”的脫色脫氨氮水處理工藝集成技術(shù)，為保障北方寒冷地區(qū)的飲用水安全提供技術(shù)方案。 通過X射線熒光光譜、旋轉(zhuǎn)陽極X射線衍射、傅立葉變換紅外光譜、掃描電子顯微鏡、BET比表面積與孔徑分布等測(cè)試方法，研究改性凹凸棒土的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、礦物特征與形成機(jī)理，分析適于低溫脫色脫氨氮的凹凸棒土的最佳改性方式。結(jié)果表明：殼聚糖改性凹凸棒土（CPA）脫色效果顯著，機(jī)理以靜電吸附、化學(xué)反應(yīng)為主；提純凹凸棒土脫色效果次之；熱、酸改性凹凸棒土不脫色反而增色。堿改性凹凸棒土（4A分子篩）脫NH_4~+-N效果顯著，機(jī)理以離子交換為主；熱、酸改性凹凸棒土對(duì)NH_4~+-N去除率低；有機(jī)改性凹凸棒土無法脫NH_4~+4-N。以上分析與結(jié)果對(duì)正確理解凹凸棒土的納米效應(yīng)具有重要的理論意義。 通過吸附等溫線、吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)與熱力學(xué)等理論，，研究低溫狀態(tài)下CPA的吸附脫色性能，以及4A分子篩對(duì)共存溶液中NH_4~+-N、腐殖酸（HA）的吸附性能。結(jié)果表明：CPA對(duì)HA的吸附符合Langmuir Freundlich吸附等溫式，同時(shí)受膜擴(kuò)散和顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散控制，其最大吸附量qe,max為121mg/g。4A分子篩對(duì)NH_4~+-N、HA的吸附均符合Freundlich吸附等溫式，受顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散控制，qe,max分別為61mg/g，21mg/g；對(duì)NH_4~+-N吸附受離子交換、分子色散力、誘導(dǎo)力與靜電吸附影響，當(dāng)HA存在時(shí)，NH_4~+-N的吸附受到抑制；對(duì)HA吸附依靠靜電吸附、陽離子橋以及HA與4A分子篩表面鋁鹽的羥基化合物的絡(luò)合作用，NH_4~+-N存在會(huì)促進(jìn)HA被吸附。CPA和4A分子篩在低溫狀態(tài)下均表現(xiàn)出良好的吸附能力，且具有較強(qiáng)的可再生能力，可循環(huán)使用。以上分析為吸附劑的開發(fā)應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)，具有重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。 分析了低溫高色水處理效能與混凝機(jī)理，并采用響應(yīng)面分析法設(shè)計(jì)確定“回流污泥-PFA-CPA”強(qiáng)化混凝的最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合。結(jié)果表明：pH值與污泥回流量是影響色度去除率的顯著性因素。HA-顆粒溶液主要與PFA水解產(chǎn)生的絡(luò)合物發(fā)生反應(yīng)。CPA能有效去除溶解性有機(jī)物，并作為“凝核”增大了絮體強(qiáng)度與粒徑以及破碎后絮體的恢復(fù)能力�；亓魑勰嗄艽龠M(jìn)CPA對(duì)HA的吸附，改善低溫低濁現(xiàn)象。強(qiáng)化混凝后，出水受色度、溫度影響程度降低。以上分析與結(jié)果為優(yōu)化運(yùn)行與調(diào)試提供了技術(shù)支持。 分析了新型高密度沉淀池與4A分子篩預(yù)涂膜過濾器的出水水質(zhì)變化規(guī)律，探索不同條件下優(yōu)化運(yùn)行控制方式。結(jié)果表明：通過控制污泥回流比，使污泥濃度（SS）在498~900mg/L，可有效降低混凝劑投加量。精確控制排泥量與斜板下泥水界面，能防止“翻池”現(xiàn)象，保證懸浮泥渣面低、底部污泥濃度高。水力負(fù)荷低于50L/h、原水有機(jī)物低于8mg/L時(shí)沉淀出水水質(zhì)無明顯變化。4A分子篩在最優(yōu)涂膜條件下形成動(dòng)態(tài)膜后過濾高密池出水，NH_4~+-N去除率達(dá)95%�；げ捎梦锢砬逑�，34d更換。該組合工藝處理低溫青頂水庫水源水效果顯著，運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低。以上研究為產(chǎn)業(yè)化推廣提供了切實(shí)可行的理論技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:According to the specification of New Standard for Drinking Water for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006), this study deals with the problem that the water-water effect of high-color and high-color high-color ammonia-nitrogen source in cold regions of northern China is not good, which is a new type of carrier flocculation adsorbent and molecular sieve. The reaction mechanism was explored from the aspects of reaction kinetics and substance conversion, and using surface complexation-adsorption-mixing theory and orthogonal-response surface analysis method to study the integrated technology of decolorization and denitrification water treatment based on modified attapulgite carrier flocculation-high efficiency precipitation-pre-coating membrane filtration. and provides a technical scheme for ensuring the safe drinking water in the cold areas in the north. The microstructure, mineral characteristics and formation of modified attapulgite were studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrum, rotating anode Xray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscope, BET specific surface area and pore size distribution. Mechanism and Analysis of the Optimum Modification of Attapulgite suitable for Low Temperature Decoloration and Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen The results showed that chitosan modified attapulgite (CPA) had significant effect on decolorization, and the mechanism was mainly electrostatic adsorption and chemical reaction. The removal of NH _ 4 ~ +-N by alkali-modified attapulgite (4A molecular sieve) was significant, the mechanism was mainly ion-exchange, the removal rate of NH _ 4 ~ +-N was low by heat and acid-modified attapulgite, and the organic modified attapulgite could not deNH _ 4 ~ + 4. The above analysis and results have an important theoretical basis for correctly understanding the nano-effect of attapulgite. The adsorption and decolorization properties of CPA in low temperature state were studied by adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics, and NH _ 4 ~ +-N, humic acid (HA) in the coexistence solution of 4A molecular sieve were studied. 鐨勫惛闄勬

本文編號(hào)：2306642