西藏高海拔地區(qū)臺站生態(tài)化建設研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-10-29 14:15
【摘要】:結(jié)合成都某部“雪域兵心工程”的科研目標和目前西藏高海拔地區(qū)臺站生態(tài)化建設所面臨的緊迫性課題,擬著重研究解決我國西藏高海拔地區(qū)臺站生態(tài)化建設需求與現(xiàn)有的生態(tài)化理論和技術之間的對接問題。以西藏高海拔地區(qū)的導航臺、雷達站、通信站等營區(qū)的生態(tài)化建設為研究對象,采用資料搜集、實地調(diào)研、現(xiàn)場測試、計算機模擬、理論體系構建、實例檢驗等方法,對西藏高海拔地區(qū)臺站的建筑環(huán)境、太陽能利用、生態(tài)化建設技術策略以及生態(tài)化建設評價等問題進行了深入系統(tǒng)的研究。完成的主要工作和取得的主要成果如下: 首先,在相同的舒適室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境條件下,通過對移居人群在西藏高海拔地區(qū)(5300m)和中海拔地區(qū)(3550m)的單因素工效對比實驗研究表明,打字正確率有顯著性差異,樣本工效受海拔高度因素的影響顯著。 對海拔5000米的西藏高海拔、低氣壓地區(qū)的建筑室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境和人體熱舒適性特征的現(xiàn)場研究發(fā)現(xiàn),該地區(qū)自然通風條件下被動式太陽房內(nèi)人體熱感覺(TS)中性溫度為:19.42℃(ta;IcI=1.0clo),并得出了高海拔臺站室內(nèi)熱舒適溫度的范圍:14.25~24.60℃(ta;Icl=1.0clo),完全不同于以往的相似研究的結(jié)果,且符合TSV=0.0966tα-1.6452線性變化規(guī)律。對高海拔地區(qū)既有建筑室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境和熱工性能進行了現(xiàn)場測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)高海拔地區(qū)室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境的首要特征是空氣濕度相對于公認標準(ISO7730)明顯偏低,F(xiàn)場測試了外圍護結(jié)構傳熱系數(shù)等基本熱工特征參數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)高海拔地區(qū)墻體傳熱系數(shù)與室外空氣相對濕度存在相關關系:K=5×10-6φ4-O.0009φ3+0.0593φ8-1.6327φ+16.795。通過對現(xiàn)有建筑的熱工性能測試結(jié)果、太陽輻射強度的實地觀測結(jié)果以及人體熱舒適溫度處于更寬范圍的現(xiàn)場研究成果的分析,認為西藏高海拔地區(qū)利用太陽能供暖是可行的。 通過對西藏高海拔地區(qū)臺站建筑的環(huán)境調(diào)查和監(jiān)測,獲得了臺站環(huán)境影響評價的第一手基礎數(shù)據(jù),包括臺站生活垃圾的人均日產(chǎn)生量(1.257kg/人.d)和組分以及臺站人均日用水量(26.0L/人.d)、人均污水排放量和環(huán)境噪聲等數(shù)據(jù),并據(jù)此定量分析了臺站對周圍生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響程度。在對高海拔地區(qū)自然環(huán)境現(xiàn)場調(diào)研,臺站建筑環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀測試以及當?shù)乜稍偕茉础柲鼙粍永醚芯拷?jīng)驗進行分析的基礎上,指出了高海拔地區(qū)臺站建筑的發(fā)展方向——生態(tài)建筑。構建了以太陽能被動利用為基礎的高海拔地區(qū)臺站生態(tài)化建設的技術策略體系。 通過對現(xiàn)有的綠色建筑/生態(tài)建筑評價系統(tǒng)的分析,指出現(xiàn)有的綠色建筑/生態(tài)建筑評價系統(tǒng)不能簡單化地用于高海拔地區(qū)臺站生態(tài)化建設的評價。建立了高海拔地區(qū)臺站生態(tài)化建設指標體系和評價數(shù)學模型。通過對實例評價的分析,結(jié)果顯示這種評價方法對高海拔地區(qū)臺站生態(tài)化建設的評價更為準確,解決了通常評價方法中存在的“主觀賦權”問題對評價結(jié)果的影響。 以上研究表明,在西藏高海拔地區(qū),采取以太陽能被動利用技術為基礎的生態(tài)化技術進行生態(tài)化臺站建設是必要而可行的。同時,利用生態(tài)化技術解決西藏高海拔地區(qū)臺站面臨的諸多生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,對保障駐站人員身心健康,提高工作效率,保護西藏高海拔地區(qū)特有的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都具有重要的理論意義和實用價值。 本研究為西藏高海拔地區(qū)臺站生態(tài)化建設的規(guī)劃、設計、施工以及評價提供了理論依據(jù)和實用技術。同時,也為該地區(qū)的其他建筑的生態(tài)化建設提供了有益借鑒,有助于推動生態(tài)建筑和環(huán)境保護理論的深入研究與進一步發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Combined with a certain department of Chengdu "Xuefeng Bing Xin Project" The aim of scientific research and the urgent problems faced by the ecological construction of high-elevation regional stations in Tibet are studied, and it is proposed to study the problem of docking between the ecological construction requirement and the existing ecological theory and technology in the high-altitude area in Tibet. Taking the ecological construction of the barracks, radar station and communication station in the high altitude area of Tibet as the research object, using data collection, field investigation, field test, computer simulation, theoretical system construction, instance inspection and so on, the construction environment of the station in high altitude area in Tibet is studied. The problems of solar utilization, ecological construction technology and ecological construction evaluation have been systematically studied. The main work and main results achieved are as follows: First, in the same comfortable indoor thermal environment, the study of single factor ergonomics in high altitude area (5300m) and middle elevation area (3550m) in Tibet was studied. The results show that the accuracy of typing is significantly different, and the efficiency of the sample is influenced by altitude factors. It was found that the neutral temperature of human thermal sensation (TS) in passive solar house under natural ventilation was 19. 42 鈩,
本文編號:2297926
[Abstract]:Combined with a certain department of Chengdu "Xuefeng Bing Xin Project" The aim of scientific research and the urgent problems faced by the ecological construction of high-elevation regional stations in Tibet are studied, and it is proposed to study the problem of docking between the ecological construction requirement and the existing ecological theory and technology in the high-altitude area in Tibet. Taking the ecological construction of the barracks, radar station and communication station in the high altitude area of Tibet as the research object, using data collection, field investigation, field test, computer simulation, theoretical system construction, instance inspection and so on, the construction environment of the station in high altitude area in Tibet is studied. The problems of solar utilization, ecological construction technology and ecological construction evaluation have been systematically studied. The main work and main results achieved are as follows: First, in the same comfortable indoor thermal environment, the study of single factor ergonomics in high altitude area (5300m) and middle elevation area (3550m) in Tibet was studied. The results show that the accuracy of typing is significantly different, and the efficiency of the sample is influenced by altitude factors. It was found that the neutral temperature of human thermal sensation (TS) in passive solar house under natural ventilation was 19. 42 鈩,
本文編號:2297926
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