【摘要】：在有較大設(shè)備的選煤廠廠房中，機(jī)械振動(dòng)在所難免。工業(yè)廠房在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)容易出現(xiàn)共振現(xiàn)象，即使是較小的擾力也可能引起較大的結(jié)構(gòu)振幅，使人產(chǎn)生不舒適感或?qū)x器的精密程度造成影響，盲目的加大梁的截面不一定會(huì)減小振幅，反而可能增加振幅，這是由于共振的影響。 本文基于有限元軟件SAP2000，應(yīng)用時(shí)程分析方法對(duì)選煤廠的動(dòng)力特性及動(dòng)力響應(yīng)進(jìn)行計(jì)算。本文從結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力特性的角度考慮，提出在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中應(yīng)如何改變結(jié)構(gòu)的自振頻率，以避免共振達(dá)到允許限值要求。通過(guò)研究得出以下結(jié)論： （1）廠房的自振頻率以垂直向自振頻率最高，水平向的自振頻率要低于垂直向自振頻率； （2）廠房的豎向頻率比較密集，，會(huì)出現(xiàn)頻率密集區(qū)。水平向頻率比較稀疏； （3）對(duì)于廠房的豎向振動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)，其豎向質(zhì)量參與系數(shù)最大所對(duì)應(yīng)的頻率值可能會(huì)引起共振，最危險(xiǎn)； （4）振幅與振速隨擾頻變化的規(guī)律有大致相同的走向、趨勢(shì)； （5）采用不同計(jì)算模型進(jìn)行抗振設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)果不同，根據(jù)工程實(shí)際情況或振源周邊的不同情況選用計(jì)算模型，選用接近實(shí)際工程結(jié)構(gòu)的梁板柱模型進(jìn)行抗振設(shè)計(jì)更加合理； （6）在進(jìn)行抗振設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)盡量使結(jié)構(gòu)的擾頻小于豎向基頻，且結(jié)構(gòu)的豎向頻率與豎向質(zhì)量參與系數(shù)最大所對(duì)應(yīng)的頻率值要遠(yuǎn)離擾頻，一般即可滿足限值要求，并建議一般將設(shè)備布置在主梁上； （7）對(duì)于擾頻為16Hz的振動(dòng)篩，使結(jié)構(gòu)的豎向基頻控制在16/0.75=21.3Hz以上，并且結(jié)構(gòu)的豎向質(zhì)量參與系數(shù)最大值所對(duì)應(yīng)的頻率盡量遠(yuǎn)離此值，結(jié)構(gòu)一般不會(huì)發(fā)生共振； （8）機(jī)械作用下梁的剛度較大時(shí)，其共振頻率接近結(jié)構(gòu)的豎向參與系數(shù)最大所對(duì)應(yīng)的頻率值，機(jī)械作用下梁的剛度較小時(shí)，其共振頻率接近結(jié)構(gòu)的豎向基頻，且振幅較大。所以在進(jìn)行抗振設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，盡量使機(jī)械作用下的梁的剛度大一些，而不需要把其余的梁均加大。
[Abstract]:Mechanical vibration is inevitable in the coal preparation plant with larger equipment. Industrial buildings are prone to resonance when they are designed. Even small disturbances may cause larger structural amplitudes, which may cause discomfort or affect the precision of the instrument. Increasing the beam section blindly will not necessarily reduce the amplitude, but may increase the amplitude, which is due to the effect of resonance. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of coal preparation plant are calculated based on the finite element software SAP2000,. From the point of view of the dynamic characteristics of the structure, this paper puts forward how to change the natural vibration frequency of the structure in the design process so as to avoid resonance reaching the allowable limit. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the natural frequency of the factory building is the highest in the vertical direction, and the natural frequency in the horizontal direction is lower than that in the vertical direction, (2) the vertical frequency of the factory building is relatively dense. There will be frequency-intensive areas. (3) for the vertical vibration design of the powerhouse, the frequency corresponding to the maximum participation coefficient of vertical mass may cause resonance and is the most dangerous. (4) the variation of amplitude and velocity with perturbed frequency is approximately the same trend. (5) the results of anti-vibration design with different calculation models are different. According to the actual situation of the project or the different conditions around the vibration source, it is more reasonable to select the model of beam, slab and column close to the actual engineering structure to carry out the anti-vibration design. (6) in the design of anti-vibration, The perturbing frequency of the structure should be less than the vertical fundamental frequency as far as possible, and the frequency value corresponding to the maximum vertical frequency and the participation coefficient of vertical mass should be far away from the perturbed frequency, which could generally meet the requirements of the limited value, and it was suggested that the equipment should be arranged on the main beam. (7) for the vibrating screen whose scrambling frequency is 16Hz, the vertical fundamental frequency of the structure is controlled above 16/0.75=21.3Hz, and the frequency corresponding to the maximum vertical mass participation coefficient of the structure is far away from this value. (8) when the stiffness of beam under mechanical action is large, the resonance frequency is close to the frequency value corresponding to the maximum vertical participation coefficient of the structure, and when the stiffness of the beam is small, the resonance frequency is close to the vertical fundamental frequency of the structure. And the amplitude is larger. Therefore, in the design of vibration resistance, the stiffness of the beams under mechanical action is as large as possible, without the need to increase the rest of the beams.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU27;TU352

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