常規(guī)水處理工藝中鹵乙腈的生成特性及控制技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-16 11:04
【摘要】：目前我國給水廠主要采用氯消毒的方式,大約占到99%,氯消毒具有強氧化性、使用成本低、使用操作簡單等優(yōu)點。但是,氯和水體中的有機物質(zhì)接觸后會發(fā)生反應,生成消毒副產(chǎn)物(Disinfection by-products, DBPs),人們已經(jīng)在飲用水中檢測出超過700種對人體有害的氯化消毒副產(chǎn)物。由于消毒副產(chǎn)物具有致癌、致畸、引起人的肝和神經(jīng)中毒、代謝紊亂等危害,在近年來受到了越來越多的關(guān)注。為了保障飲用水安全,關(guān)于消毒副產(chǎn)物的研究已成為科研工作者的研究重點。 試驗通過對長春市某凈水廠進廠水、沉淀池出水、濾池出水、以及消毒后出水進行采樣檢測,分析各工藝單元中消毒副產(chǎn)物鹵乙腈及其前體物的生成及去除情況。結(jié)果表明,原水中鹵乙腈前體物總含量為44.04μg/L,其中含量最高的是二氯乙腈前體物,為27.03μg/L,約占到鹵乙腈前體物總量的61.38%,溴氯乙腈與三氯乙腈前體物分別占總體的18.98%和14.03%,二溴乙腈前體物含量最少,只占到5.63%。各工藝對鹵乙腈前體物去除率最高的是混凝沉淀工藝單元,去除率達到39%；其次是過濾工藝的26%；加氯消毒后對鹵乙腈前體物有一定的去除作用,但效果不明顯,去除率只有14%。由于氯的氧化作用,消毒后水中產(chǎn)生了更多的鹵乙腈,相比濾池出水增加了4.91μg/L,約51%。 預氧化試驗中,使用高錳酸鉀作為預氧化劑,高錳酸鉀投加量為1.5mg/L、PAC投加量為30.0mg/L時,水樣中的鹵乙腈前體物含量最少。高錳酸鉀能夠?qū)⑺胁糠钟袡C物質(zhì)氧化,減少了鹵乙腈生成量,但投加量應控制在一定范圍內(nèi),過多效果反而不好。 消毒試驗中,二氧化氯的投加量與鹵乙腈生成量成正比,在確保消毒效果的同時應盡量減少二氧化氯投加量；鹵乙腈的生成量與反應時間相關(guān),反應時間越長,生成的鹵乙腈越多,在8h后鹵乙腈生成量明顯減少。 三個模擬凈水處理工藝中,工藝三使用高錳酸鉀預氧化、二氧化氯消毒出水中鹵乙腈生成量最小為10.20μg/L,比工藝一降低了34%,工藝二比工藝一的出水中鹵乙腈生成量下降了24%。從各工藝出水中鹵乙腈生成量由少到多的順序選優(yōu)結(jié)果為：工藝三工藝二工藝一。
[Abstract]:At present, chlorine disinfection is mainly used in water supply plants in China, accounting for about 99%. Chlorine disinfection has the advantages of strong oxidation, low cost, simple operation and so on. However, chlorine reacts with organic substances in water to produce disinfection by-products (Disinfection by-products, DBPs), has detected more than 700 harmful disinfection by-products in drinking water.) In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to disinfection by-products because of carcinogenesis, teratogenicity, liver and nerve poisoning, metabolic disorders and other hazards. In order to ensure the safety of drinking water, the research on disinfection by-products has become the focus of scientific research. Through sampling and testing the inlet water, sedimentation tank effluent, filter effluent and disinfection effluent of a water purification plant in Changchun City, the formation and removal of halogen acetonitrile and its precursors in each process unit were analyzed. The results showed that the total content of halogen acetonitrile precursor in raw water was 44.04 渭 g / L, and the highest content was dichloroacetonitrile precursor. The content of bromoacetonitrile and trichloroacetonitrile were 18.98% and 14.03 渭 g / L, respectively, and the content of dibromoacetonitrile precursor was the least (5.63%). The highest removal rate of halogen acetonitrile precursor was coagulation sedimentation process unit (39%), followed by filtration process (26%). After chlorine disinfection, the removal rate of haloacetonitrile precursor was not obvious, but the removal rate was only 14%. Because of the oxidation of chlorine, more haloacetonitrile was produced in the disinfected water, which increased 4.91 渭 g / L, about 51g / L, compared with the filter effluent. In the pre-oxidation test, when potassium permanganate was used as preoxidizer and the dosage of potassium permanganate was 1.5 mg / L 30.0mg/L, the content of haloacetonitrile precursor in water sample was the least. Potassium permanganate can oxidize some organic matter in water and reduce the amount of halogen acetonitrile, but the dosage should be controlled within a certain range. In the disinfection test, the amount of chlorine dioxide is directly proportional to the amount of halogen acetonitrile, and the amount of chlorine dioxide should be reduced while the disinfection effect is ensured, the amount of halogen acetonitrile is related to the reaction time and the reaction time is longer. The more Halogen acetonitrile is produced, the less Halogen acetonitrile is produced after 8 h. In the three simulated water purification processes, potassium permanganate preoxidation was used in process 3. The minimum amount of halogen acetonitrile produced in chlorine dioxide disinfection effluent was 10.20 渭 g / L, which was 34% lower than that of process 1, and the production of halogen acetonitrile in process 1 was reduced by 24%. The result of selecting the amount of halogen acetonitrile from each process is as follows: process 3, process 2, process 1.
【學位授予單位】：吉林建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.2
本文編號：2274165
[Abstract]:At present, chlorine disinfection is mainly used in water supply plants in China, accounting for about 99%. Chlorine disinfection has the advantages of strong oxidation, low cost, simple operation and so on. However, chlorine reacts with organic substances in water to produce disinfection by-products (Disinfection by-products, DBPs), has detected more than 700 harmful disinfection by-products in drinking water.) In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to disinfection by-products because of carcinogenesis, teratogenicity, liver and nerve poisoning, metabolic disorders and other hazards. In order to ensure the safety of drinking water, the research on disinfection by-products has become the focus of scientific research. Through sampling and testing the inlet water, sedimentation tank effluent, filter effluent and disinfection effluent of a water purification plant in Changchun City, the formation and removal of halogen acetonitrile and its precursors in each process unit were analyzed. The results showed that the total content of halogen acetonitrile precursor in raw water was 44.04 渭 g / L, and the highest content was dichloroacetonitrile precursor. The content of bromoacetonitrile and trichloroacetonitrile were 18.98% and 14.03 渭 g / L, respectively, and the content of dibromoacetonitrile precursor was the least (5.63%). The highest removal rate of halogen acetonitrile precursor was coagulation sedimentation process unit (39%), followed by filtration process (26%). After chlorine disinfection, the removal rate of haloacetonitrile precursor was not obvious, but the removal rate was only 14%. Because of the oxidation of chlorine, more haloacetonitrile was produced in the disinfected water, which increased 4.91 渭 g / L, about 51g / L, compared with the filter effluent. In the pre-oxidation test, when potassium permanganate was used as preoxidizer and the dosage of potassium permanganate was 1.5 mg / L 30.0mg/L, the content of haloacetonitrile precursor in water sample was the least. Potassium permanganate can oxidize some organic matter in water and reduce the amount of halogen acetonitrile, but the dosage should be controlled within a certain range. In the disinfection test, the amount of chlorine dioxide is directly proportional to the amount of halogen acetonitrile, and the amount of chlorine dioxide should be reduced while the disinfection effect is ensured, the amount of halogen acetonitrile is related to the reaction time and the reaction time is longer. The more Halogen acetonitrile is produced, the less Halogen acetonitrile is produced after 8 h. In the three simulated water purification processes, potassium permanganate preoxidation was used in process 3. The minimum amount of halogen acetonitrile produced in chlorine dioxide disinfection effluent was 10.20 渭 g / L, which was 34% lower than that of process 1, and the production of halogen acetonitrile in process 1 was reduced by 24%. The result of selecting the amount of halogen acetonitrile from each process is as follows: process 3, process 2, process 1.
【學位授予單位】：吉林建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991.2
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