【摘要】：液壓挖掘機(jī)在現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中發(fā)揮著重大的作用，同時(shí)它也具有能耗高、排放性能差的特點(diǎn)，隨著環(huán)境惡化的日趨嚴(yán)重和國際油價(jià)的逐步攀升，挖掘機(jī)的使用成本也不斷地提高。因此，提高液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作效率，使之更加節(jié)能就顯得非常重要。 對(duì)液壓挖掘機(jī)節(jié)能性的研究應(yīng)把重點(diǎn)放在動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)閯?dòng)力系統(tǒng)的好壞對(duì)挖掘機(jī)的油耗特性和排放特性都有重要的影響。為此，文章展開混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)在液壓挖掘機(jī)上應(yīng)用的研究，以開發(fā)出效率更高、更節(jié)能的挖掘機(jī)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)。論文從挖掘機(jī)的循環(huán)工況入手，對(duì)混合動(dòng)力動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)型、元件的參數(shù)匹配和控制策略進(jìn)行研究。 論文在對(duì)國內(nèi)外混合動(dòng)力挖掘機(jī)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，，根據(jù)液壓挖掘機(jī)的循環(huán)工況特點(diǎn)，提出了并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的方案即：電機(jī)協(xié)助發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)并聯(lián)驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)載；回轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)，同時(shí)回收制動(dòng)過程中的能量并將其存儲(chǔ)于能量儲(chǔ)存裝置中。在動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的基本構(gòu)型確定之后，根據(jù)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的工作特點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步討論并確定了采用超級(jí)電容作為能量存儲(chǔ)裝置，ISG電機(jī)作為助力電機(jī)，電機(jī)作為回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的驅(qū)動(dòng)兼能量回收部件。在AMESim平臺(tái)上建立了動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的仿真模型，并確定了常用的重載挖掘工況下的負(fù)載功率作為仿真模型的負(fù)載輸入，對(duì)并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的工作性能和油耗性能進(jìn)行了仿真。 為進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的油耗特性，文章對(duì)所設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)力總成中發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、ISG電機(jī)、回轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)和超級(jí)電容的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了匹配計(jì)算。將經(jīng)過匹配的動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)元件的參數(shù)帶入到AMESim仿真模型中進(jìn)行仿真，驗(yàn)證了經(jīng)過參數(shù)匹配后發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、ISG助力電機(jī)和回轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)工作點(diǎn)穩(wěn)定，且能最大程度的工作在各自的高效區(qū)，參數(shù)的合理匹配提高了整個(gè)動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的工作效率，減少了整機(jī)油耗量。 結(jié)合并聯(lián)式動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)，提出了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作點(diǎn)控制、最小助力和電量平衡自適應(yīng)控制策略。文中介紹了三種控制策略的控制原理及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作點(diǎn)控制策略實(shí)現(xiàn)簡單，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作點(diǎn)穩(wěn)定、效率高，但助力電機(jī)的工作點(diǎn)切換比較頻繁；最小助力控制策略中發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和ISG助力電機(jī)的工作點(diǎn)都比較穩(wěn)定，且能夠根據(jù)超級(jí)電容SOC實(shí)時(shí)的調(diào)整充電和助力扭矩；電量平衡自適應(yīng)控制策略不僅能夠調(diào)節(jié)電機(jī)的工作狀態(tài)還可以根據(jù)負(fù)載實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)整ISG電機(jī)的助力和充電扭矩。將這些控制思想寫入到Matlab/simulink程序中，用Matlab/simulink與AMESim聯(lián)合仿真的方式對(duì)三種種控制策略進(jìn)行了仿真分析。仿真結(jié)果表明，在并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)中采用上述三種控制策略后，整機(jī)的油耗特性都有所改善，其中采用最小助力控制策略時(shí)，系統(tǒng)的油耗特性最優(yōu)。 但鑒于仿真系統(tǒng)不能完全模擬混合動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的工作情況，對(duì)采用最小助理控制策略的并聯(lián)式混合動(dòng)力挖掘機(jī)樣機(jī)進(jìn)行了整機(jī)挖掘?qū)嶒?yàn)，通過對(duì)樣機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、ISG助力電機(jī)、超級(jí)電容和回轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)工作狀態(tài)的分析，驗(yàn)證了動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)元件匹配的合理性、控制策略和AMESim仿真平臺(tái)的正確性；對(duì)整機(jī)挖掘循環(huán)時(shí)間的記錄證實(shí)了樣機(jī)生產(chǎn)效率有所提高；對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油耗的監(jiān)測證實(shí)了整機(jī)的能耗有所降低。最后論文提出混合動(dòng)力挖掘機(jī)中一些值得進(jìn)一步研究的新問題，如工作模式控制策略的開發(fā)、超級(jí)電容能量管理和整機(jī)熱管理等。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic excavator plays an important role in the modernization construction, and it also has the characteristics of high energy consumption and poor emission performance. With the worsening of the environment and the gradual rise of international oil prices, the use cost of hydraulic excavator is constantly increasing. Therefore, it is very important to improve the working efficiency of hydraulic excavator and make it more energy-saving. It's important.
The research on energy saving of hydraulic excavator should focus on the power system, because the quality of power system has an important impact on the fuel consumption and emission characteristics of excavator. Starting from the excavator's cyclic working condition, the configuration of hybrid power system, parameter matching of components and control strategy are studied.
Based on the research of the domestic and foreign hybrid excavators and according to the characteristics of the hydraulic excavators'cyclic working conditions, this paper puts forward a parallel hybrid power system scheme, that is, the motor assists the engine to drive the load in parallel, the rotary motor drives the rotary mechanism, and at the same time reclaims the energy in the braking process and stores it in the energy storage device. After the basic configuration of the power system is determined, the simulation model of the power system is established on the AMESim platform, and the simulation results are confirmed. The load power of the commonly used heavy load excavation condition is selected as the load input of the simulation model. The performance and fuel consumption of the parallel hybrid power system are simulated.
In order to further optimize the fuel consumption characteristics of the hybrid power system, the parameters of the engine, ISG motor, rotary motor and supercapacitor in the powertrain are matched and calculated. The parameters of the matched components of the power system are brought into the AMESim simulation model for simulation, which verifies that the engine is aided by ISG after parameter matching. The working points of the force motor and the rotary motor are stable, and they can work in their respective high efficiency areas to the greatest extent. The reasonable matching of the parameters improves the working efficiency of the whole power system and reduces the oil consumption of the whole machine.
Combining with the characteristics of parallel power system, the adaptive control strategies of engine operating point control, minimum boost and power balance are proposed. The control principles and advantages and disadvantages of the three control strategies are introduced in this paper. The control strategy of engine operating point is simple, the engine operating point is stable and the efficiency is high, but the working point switching ratio of the boost motor is high. It can adjust the charging and torque in real time according to the supercapacitor SOC. The power balance adaptive control strategy can not only adjust the working state of the motor, but also adjust the power and charging torque of the ISG motor in real time according to the load. These control ideas are written into the program of MATLAB/simulink, and the three control strategies are simulated and analyzed by means of the joint simulation of MATLAB/simulink and AMESim. The simulation results show that the fuel consumption characteristics of the whole engine are improved after the above three control strategies are adopted in the parallel hybrid power system, in which the minimum aid is adopted. The fuel consumption characteristics of the system are optimal when the force control strategy is applied.
In view of the fact that the simulation system can not completely simulate the working conditions of the hybrid power system, the whole excavation experiment of the parallel hybrid excavator prototype with the minimum assistant control strategy is carried out. The matching of the power system components is verified by analyzing the working conditions of the prototype engine, ISG assistant motor, supercapacitor and rotary motor. The rationality, the control strategy and the correctness of the AMESI simulation platform, the record of the excavation cycle time confirm that the prototype production efficiency has been improved, and the monitoring of the engine fuel consumption confirms that the energy consumption of the whole machine has been reduced. The development of control strategy, super capacitor energy management and whole machine thermal management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU621

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本文編號(hào)：2243954