【摘要】：從公園發(fā)展歷程和利用方式變遷來看,我國城市公園大概經(jīng)歷了古典園林、近代殖民公園、解放前后收費(fèi)公園和新世紀(jì)免費(fèi)公園四個階段,隨著公園開放性增大,公園游客劇量增,來園活動也呈多元化趨勢。盡管大部分公園在管理服務(wù)方面均進(jìn)行過完善,但仍面臨許多困境。本文以上海城市公園為代表,根據(jù)按公園屬性、所屬區(qū)位和收費(fèi)與否在全市范圍內(nèi)選取了34個公園為研究對象,通過問卷形式對游客結(jié)構(gòu)、來園和游園方式,及其基礎(chǔ)性需求和提升性需求進(jìn)行調(diào)查,分析上海城市公園游客結(jié)構(gòu)、行為與需求特征及其影響因素,旨在對上海市城市公園游客本底數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行呈現(xiàn)的同時,探討不同類型公園未來發(fā)展的專業(yè)化、高質(zhì)化和特色化經(jīng)營管理新途徑。 研究表明,上海城市公園游客以周邊居住或工作的中老年企業(yè)員工和離退休人員為主體,來園頻率高,多停留1-3小時；來園活動多樣,以游覽散步、親近自然為主,動靜兼具。游客對公園綠化狀況和安全性滿意度最高,對無障礙設(shè)施設(shè)置以及活動音樂管理滿意度最低；需求多樣,但消費(fèi)意愿較低,更傾向免費(fèi)服務(wù)項(xiàng)目和公共游玩場地。 公園屬性和所處位置對游客結(jié)構(gòu)、來園和游園行為及其需求均有顯著影響,公園屬性的影響性則更為全面。全市性綜合公園游客趨于年輕化、高學(xué)歷化,而區(qū)域性綜合公園、社區(qū)公園和專類公園游客則均趨于老年化,社區(qū)公園尤為突出。四類公園服務(wù)范圍與其屬性定位是相匹配的。由于服務(wù)主體和服務(wù)范圍的不同,游客行為及其需求上均存在顯著差異。由于門票的“杠桿”作用未充分發(fā)揮,公園收費(fèi)與否對游客結(jié)構(gòu)、來園目的及其需求影響不大。但收費(fèi)公園接近一半的游客對公園門票收取持支持態(tài)度,表明從游客需求角度,也不適宜對全部城市公園實(shí)行免費(fèi)開放。 以公園屬性為分類,對城市公園游憩功能生態(tài)位進(jìn)行研究。生態(tài)位寬度分別為：區(qū)域性綜合公園全市性綜合公園專類公園社區(qū)公園,四類公園生態(tài)位寬度差異較小且生態(tài)位重疊度較高,是多數(shù)公園以老年離退休游客為主體,而其他類型游客特征不明顯的一個重要原因。但在游客資源轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樨S富的當(dāng)今,游憩功能生態(tài)位泛化已不再適宜公園未來發(fā)展,應(yīng)將各類公園游憩功能生態(tài)位進(jìn)行窄化、分離。 針對上述研究結(jié)果,本文以“分類指導(dǎo),錯位式經(jīng)營；面向大眾,差異性服務(wù)；以人為本,精細(xì)化管理”為上海市城市公園未來發(fā)展的總體思路,對全市性綜合公園、區(qū)域性綜合公園、專類公園和社區(qū)公園四類公園提出了具體的經(jīng)營管理建議。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of park development process and utilization mode changes, urban parks in China have undergone four stages: classical gardens, modern colonial parks, toll-free parks before and after liberation and free parks in the new century. With the increase of Park openness, the number of visitors to the park has increased dramatically, and the number of visitors to the park has also shown a trend of diversification. In this paper, 34 parks in Shanghai are selected as the research objects according to their attributes, location and charges. The structure of tourists, the way of visiting, the basic demand and the promotion demand are investigated by questionnaires. This paper analyzes the structure, behavior and demand characteristics of visitors to Shanghai urban parks and their influencing factors, aiming at presenting the background data of visitors to Shanghai urban parks and discussing the new ways of professional, high-quality and characteristic management for the future development of different types of parks.
The study shows that the visitors to Shanghai urban parks are mainly middle-aged and old-aged employees and retirees living or working in the surrounding areas, with a high frequency of visiting the park and staying for 1-3 hours more. The activities of visiting the park are varied, mainly for sightseeing and walking, mainly for being close to nature, with both dynamic and static characteristics. And activity music management satisfaction is the lowest; demand diversity, but lower willingness to consume, more inclined to free services and public playgrounds.
Park attributes and locations have a significant impact on visitor structure, visitor behavior and demand, while Park attributes have a more comprehensive impact. Tourists of city-wide comprehensive parks tend to be younger and highly educated, while tourists of regional comprehensive parks, community parks and special parks tend to be older, especially community parks. Because of the different service subjects and service scopes, there are significant differences in tourists'behavior and demand. As the "leverage" function of tickets is not fully exerted, whether the park charges have a little influence on tourists' structure, the purpose of visiting the park and their demand. Tourists are supportive of the collection of Park tickets, suggesting that it is not appropriate to open all urban parks free of charge from the perspective of tourist demand.
The niche breadths of the four types of parks are as follows: regional comprehensive parks, city-wide comprehensive parks, special park community parks. The niche breadths of the four types of parks are small and overlap niches is high. Most of the parks are dominated by elderly retired tourists, while other types are. However, nowadays, when the tourist resources become abundant, the generalization of recreational functional niche is no longer suitable for the future development of parks, so the niche of various types of parks should be narrowed and separated.
In view of the above research results, this paper puts forward the overall idea of the future development of urban parks in Shanghai based on "classified guidance, dislocation management; facing the public, differentiated services; people-oriented, meticulous management" and puts forward the concrete management of the four types of parks, namely, municipal comprehensive parks, regional comprehensive parks, special parks and community parks. Suggestion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU986.3

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