【摘要】：民族精神是一個民族賴以生存和發(fā)展的精神支撐，而革命精神是民族精神的重要組成部分。革命烈士陵園作為革命烈士安息之地，承載著紀(jì)念、緬懷、教育、旅游等多重功能。伴隨著經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展、生活水平的提高，思想觀念的更新，紅色旅游逐漸成為一種休閑方式。作為紅色旅游的重要載體，這幾年革命烈士陵園的建設(shè)方心未艾，但由于設(shè)計思路固化，忽略對場地歷史人文內(nèi)涵的深入挖掘，很多革命烈士陵園的建設(shè)缺乏地方特色，千篇一律。 為求解決對策，筆者以全國50處革命烈士陵園建設(shè)實例作為調(diào)研樣本，對革命烈士陵園50多年的發(fā)展歷程進行梳理。將革命烈士陵園的建設(shè)實踐分為三個時期：50-70年代、80-90年代和21世紀(jì)以來，從政策影響、建設(shè)特色以及存在問題三個方面對每個時期革命烈士陵園的發(fā)展模式和特點進行分析歸納。在調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所處環(huán)境的時代特征，提出革命烈士陵園深入挖掘與更新歷史文化內(nèi)涵、實施保護性開發(fā)管理、朝綠色生態(tài)公園化建設(shè)以及陵園景區(qū)化規(guī)劃的四大發(fā)展趨勢。 如何使革命烈士陵園在滿足基本紀(jì)念功能的前提下，同時傳承場所文脈、符合時代特征，是革命烈士陵園建設(shè)中特別關(guān)注的問題。本文以江西贛州中央蘇區(qū)革命烈士陵園景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計為例，對場地進行深入解讀，，從場地問題的特殊性入手，在中西方案例研究的基礎(chǔ)上，將中軸式空間組織模式和非中軸式空間組織模式結(jié)合，提出復(fù)合空間組織模式。在這個空間組織模式的指導(dǎo)下，推導(dǎo)出本方案“1+4”的基本空間格局。從時間和空間兩個維度挖掘中央蘇區(qū)10年發(fā)展歷程，以中央蘇區(qū)奮斗過程為主題，運用敘事性景觀語匯設(shè)計主中軸空間序列，并引入副軸對主軸進行形式和功能的補充；以中央蘇區(qū)地域發(fā)展線索為切入點，將烈士墓區(qū)分為四個大區(qū)，依照場地條件對墓區(qū)單元進行空間布局，解決傳統(tǒng)單軸墓地布局中次序性矛盾，有效分散祭祀人流的同時保證了紀(jì)念主軸的莊嚴(yán)。 通過上述研究，在復(fù)合空間組織模式的指導(dǎo)下，合理利用山地地形規(guī)劃陵園空間，傳承與創(chuàng)新場所文脈，滿足紅色旅游的功能需求，創(chuàng)造具有地域特色的中央蘇區(qū)革命烈士陵園，為新時代革命烈士陵園建設(shè)提供一種新的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:The national spirit is the spiritual support of a nation's survival and development, and the revolutionary spirit is an important part of the national spirit. As a resting place for revolutionary martyrs, the revolutionary martyr cemetery bears many functions, such as remembrance, education, tourism and so on. With the rapid development of economy, the improvement of living standard and the renewal of ideology, red tourism has gradually become a way of leisure. As an important carrier of red tourism, the construction of revolutionary martyrs' mausoleum has not been strengthened in recent years. However, due to the solidification of design ideas and neglecting the deep excavation of the historical and humanistic connotation of the site, many revolutionary martyrs' mausoleums lack local characteristics. follow the same pattern In order to solve the problem, the author took 50 examples of the construction of revolutionary martyrs' mausoleum as the research sample, and combed the development course of the revolutionary martyr cemetery for more than 50 years. The construction practice of revolutionary martyrs' mausoleum is divided into three periods: the 50-70 's and the 80-90 's and the 21st century. The development mode and characteristics of revolutionary martyrs cemetery in each period are analyzed and summarized in three aspects of construction characteristics and existing problems. On the basis of investigation and research, combined with the characteristics of the times in the environment, the revolutionary martyrs' mausoleum is put forward to dig and renew the historical and cultural connotation, and to carry out protective development management. Four development trends of green ecological park construction and cemetery scenic area planning. How to make the revolutionary martyrs cemetery meet the basic memorial function, and at the same time inherit the context of the place, in line with the characteristics of the times, is a special concern in the construction of the revolutionary martyrs mausoleum. Taking the landscape planning and design of revolutionary martyrs' mausoleum in Ganzhou Central Soviet District of Jiangxi Province as an example, this paper makes a thorough interpretation of the site, starting with the particularity of site issues, and on the basis of the case study of China and the West. A complex spatial organization model is proposed by combining the central axis spatial organization model with the non-central axis spatial organization mode. Under the guidance of this spatial organization model, the basic spatial pattern of "14" is deduced. This paper excavates the development course of Central Soviet area from two dimensions of time and space, takes the struggle process of Central Soviet area as the theme, designs the space sequence of main axis by using narrative landscape vocabulary, and introduces the auxiliary axis to supplement the form and function of the main axis. Taking the clue of regional development in the Central Soviet area as the starting point, the martyrs' tombs are divided into four regions, and the units of the graveyard are arranged in space according to the site conditions, so as to solve the order contradiction in the layout of the traditional uniaxial graveyard. Effectively dispersing the sacrificial flow of people at the same time to ensure the dignity of the main axis of remembrance. Through the above research, under the guidance of the complex space organization mode, the rational use of mountain terrain planning cemetery space, inheritance and innovation of the place context, to meet the functional needs of red tourism, The creation of revolutionary martyrs mausoleums in the Central Soviet area with regional characteristics provides a new way of thinking and method for the construction of revolutionary martyrs' mausoleums in the new era.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU986;TU251.2

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