【摘要】：隨著2011年中國城市化率突破50%，歷史性的達(dá)到了51.3%，未來我國城市化發(fā)展不再僅僅著眼于經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長，而是更加注重生態(tài)建設(shè)，關(guān)注城市發(fā)展與環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)。但目前的現(xiàn)實(shí)是，城市發(fā)展以建設(shè)用地?cái)U(kuò)張為主要特征，城市開放空間減少的趨勢(shì)沒有得到有效遏制，并帶來了一系列的土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)變化，城市內(nèi)部用地矛盾加劇，城市居民享有的開放空間資源不斷受到削減。長遠(yuǎn)看來，開放空間的不合理減少會(huì)削弱城市競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，破壞城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡。本文以武漢市主城區(qū)內(nèi)的開放空間為研究對(duì)象，運(yùn)用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)、城市規(guī)劃、地理信息系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)理論知識(shí)，基于多期遙感與土地利用數(shù)據(jù)、不同社會(huì)發(fā)展階段下的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)以及相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，對(duì)武漢市開放空間的三大組成要素——湖泊、綠地、城郊耕地進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一動(dòng)態(tài)綜合分析，梳理出2001－2010年武漢市開放空間的數(shù)量時(shí)間序列的變化、地域演變差異以及開放空間內(nèi)部的結(jié)構(gòu)變動(dòng)規(guī)律。在總結(jié)出開放空間時(shí)空演變規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)開放空間時(shí)空演變現(xiàn)象背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)因子進(jìn)行了更加深入的分析探討，，采用回歸分析的方法對(duì)武漢市開放空間演變的核心驅(qū)動(dòng)因子進(jìn)行提取。 研究表明：武漢市2001－2010年開放空間總體數(shù)量減少了8929.51公頃，減少幅度為41.04%，人均開放空間水平由研究期初的53.68m2，減少為研究期末的26.58m~2。同時(shí)武漢市開放空間存在明顯的地域差異。從相對(duì)數(shù)量的比較上，2001年武昌區(qū)開放空間資源是開放空間資源最少的漢口地區(qū)的24.32倍，人均開放空間數(shù)量相差9.33倍；2010年武昌區(qū)與漢口的開放空間總量差距略有縮小為20.94倍，人均開放空間數(shù)量差6.52倍。從絕對(duì)數(shù)量的變化上，2001－2010年武漢三鎮(zhèn)中開放空間變動(dòng)最為劇烈的是漢陽地區(qū)，減少幅度為51.26%，但是減少數(shù)量最多的卻是武昌，開放空間減少總量為7480.85公頃。開放空間總量不平衡現(xiàn)象突出。從三大地類變化的區(qū)域差異上可以看出，耕地資源在武昌區(qū)變動(dòng)明顯，耕地的相對(duì)變化率為1.04；湖泊資源減少最為劇烈的是漢陽地區(qū)，相對(duì)變化率高達(dá)2.182；綠地資源區(qū)域變化差異最為明顯，武昌地區(qū)綠地相對(duì)變化率為3.6；相反，漢陽地區(qū)現(xiàn)綠地相對(duì)變化率為-1.286，變化方向與城市綠地整體變化方向相反，且變化幅度大于整體水平。三大地類之間也存在明顯的變化差異，武漢市開放空間主要組成部分為湖泊；2010年武漢市城郊耕地保有量僅為2001年的35.44%，減少數(shù)量驚人，減少幅度高達(dá)64.56%；綠地資源雖然相對(duì)數(shù)量較少，但年際變動(dòng)幅度較大，且變化強(qiáng)度高于耕地、湖泊。 在總結(jié)了2001－2010年開放空間的時(shí)空演變的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步研究了開放空間演變的驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制。綜合分析地區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景，結(jié)合以往研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，選取了武漢市總?cè)丝冢╔1）、非農(nóng)業(yè)人口占總?cè)丝诒戎兀╔2）、國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（X3）、第一產(chǎn)業(yè)比重（X4）、二三產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值（X5）、財(cái)政收入（X6）、人均可支配收入（X7）、人均GDP（X8）、人均消費(fèi)支出（X9）、全社會(huì)固定資產(chǎn)投資（X10）等10個(gè)因子。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人均可支配收入與二三產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)值2個(gè)因子分別從生活水平與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的角度解釋了與開放空間變化最為相關(guān)的因素，成為影響武漢市2001－2010年開放空間變化的核心驅(qū)動(dòng)因子，對(duì)開放空間的時(shí)空演變有顯著貢獻(xiàn)，且相關(guān)性通過了回歸檢測(cè)。
[Abstract]:With China's urbanization rate breaking through 50% in 2011 and reaching 51.3% historically, China's future urbanization development will not only focus on economic growth, but also pay more attention to ecological construction and urban development and environmental coordination. In the long run, the unreasonable reduction of open space will weaken the competitiveness of the city and destroy the balance of urban ecosystem. Based on Multi-period remote sensing and land use data, socio-economic data at different stages of social development and relevant literature, the three main elements of open space in Wuhan, namely, lake, green land and suburban cultivated land, are studied by using the theories of landscape ecology, urban planning and geographic information system. Based on the unified dynamic comprehensive analysis, this paper combs out the quantitative time series changes, regional evolution differences and the internal structure changes of the open space in Wuhan from 2001 to 2010. Through analysis and discussion, the core driving factors of the evolution of Wuhan open space are extracted by regression analysis.
The results show that the total number of open space in Wuhan City decreased by 8929.51 hectares from 2001 to 2010, with a decrease of 41.04%. The per capita open space level decreased from 53.68 m2 at the beginning of the study period to 26.58 m2 at the end of the study period. Meanwhile, there are obvious regional differences in the open space of Wuhan City. In 2010, the total open space gap between Wuchang District and Hankou District narrowed slightly to 20.94 times, and the per capita open space gap was 6.52 times. In Hanyang area, the decrease rate was 51.26%, but Wuchang was the largest, and the total amount of open space was 7480.85 hectares. In Hanyang area, the relative change rate was as high as 2.182; the difference of green space resources was most obvious, the relative change rate of green space in Wuchang area was 3.6; on the contrary, the relative change rate of green space in Hanyang area was - 1.286, the change direction was opposite to the overall change direction of urban green space, and the change extent was larger than the overall level. There are also obvious differences among land types. The main component of open space in Wuhan is lakes. In 2010, the amount of cultivated land in suburbs of Wuhan was only 35.44% of that in 2001, with an astonishing decrease of 64.56%.
On the basis of summarizing the spatio-temporal evolution of open space from 2001 to 2010, this paper further studies the driving mechanism of the evolution of open space. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of regional socio-economic background and previous research results, the total population (X1), non-agricultural population (X2), gross domestic product (X3) and primary industry of Wuhan are selected. Ten factors, such as proportion (X4), output value of secondary and tertiary industries (X5), fiscal revenue (X6), per capita disposable income (X7), per capita GDP (X8), per capita consumption expenditure (X9), and investment in fixed assets (X10), were found. The study found that per capita disposable income and output value of secondary and tertiary industries explained the change of open space from the Perspective of living standards and economic development. The most correlative factor is the core driving factor that influences the change of open space in Wuhan from 2001 to 2010. It has a significant contribution to the spatial and temporal evolution of open space, and the correlation has passed the regression test.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.113;F299.23

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