【摘要】：社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展，帶來的結(jié)果就是城市的不斷擴(kuò)展。而隨著城市常駐人口的增多和人們生活水平的不斷提高，人們對城市供水系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量、數(shù)量和穩(wěn)定性要求也越來越高。相比之下，我國的一些中小城市的水廠，特別是一些老舊水廠的自動控制系統(tǒng)的性能落后，相應(yīng)機(jī)組的控制還主要依靠人工操作來完成。這樣就使得系統(tǒng)的控制過程比較繁瑣，同時(shí)，手動控制難以對供水管網(wǎng)的壓力和水位變化作出及時(shí)的相應(yīng)。所以，為了保證對城市的供水，這些供水系統(tǒng)通常都是超壓狀態(tài)運(yùn)行，不僅效率低下，同時(shí)也使得城市管網(wǎng)的曝?fù)p比較嚴(yán)重。在這種狀況下，本文考慮到我國中小城市供水系統(tǒng)的狀況，對基于PLC的變頻調(diào)速恒壓自動控制供水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。 在所有的變頻調(diào)速恒壓供水系統(tǒng)中，對于單臺水泵工作狀況的調(diào)節(jié)，主要通過變頻器對電源頻率的改變來實(shí)現(xiàn)對電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的控制，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)對水泵性能曲線的改變。通過對水平工作狀況能耗圖的深入分析，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，要利用變頻調(diào)速來實(shí)現(xiàn)供水系統(tǒng)的恒壓，在轉(zhuǎn)速降低的情況下，流量跟水泵的轉(zhuǎn)速成正比，而系統(tǒng)功率則以轉(zhuǎn)速的3次方下降，跟傳統(tǒng)供水方式中通過閥門來實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)流的方式相比，變頻調(diào)速恒壓系統(tǒng)的能量損耗更少，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)能量的節(jié)約。 在本文的控制系統(tǒng)中，所采用的編程軟件主要為德國Simens公司的STEPMicro Win平臺，對供水系統(tǒng)中用于壓力控制的PID控制進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，該P(yáng)ID控制器在設(shè)計(jì)上內(nèi)置于PLC中。通過該控制器，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對壓力給定值和測量值的偏差進(jìn)行處理，對變頻器的輸出電壓和頻率進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)控制，通過對水泵電動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速的改變來對水泵的出水口流量進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了對管網(wǎng)壓力的自動調(diào)節(jié)，最終將管網(wǎng)壓力穩(wěn)定在預(yù)先設(shè)定的量值附近。此外，還根據(jù)軟件工程理論中的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范對PLC平臺進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析和設(shè)計(jì)，制定了軟件的具體功能需求，在此基礎(chǔ)上，對整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的框架和界面進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。 通過對整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際運(yùn)行和調(diào)試，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對供水過程的自動化控制，在此基礎(chǔ)上還可以有效降低能耗，從而確保了供水系統(tǒng)在最佳的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)運(yùn)行。系統(tǒng)具有安裝維護(hù)方便、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、可靠、功能齊全、人機(jī)界面友好和使用方便的特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of social economy, the result is the continuous expansion of the city. With the increase of resident population and the improvement of people's living standard, the quality, quantity and stability of urban water supply system are becoming more and more important. In contrast, the performance of automatic control system in some small and medium-sized cities of our country, especially some old water plants, is backward, and the control of corresponding units is mainly accomplished by manual operation. This makes the control process of the system more cumbersome, at the same time, manual control is difficult to make timely response to the pressure and water level change of the water supply network. Therefore, in order to ensure the water supply to the city, these water supply systems are usually operated under overpressure, which is not only inefficient, but also causes serious exposure of urban pipe network. Under this condition, considering the situation of water supply system in medium and small cities of our country, this paper designs the constant pressure automatic control water supply system based on frequency conversion speed regulation based on PLC. In all the variable frequency speed regulating constant pressure water supply system, the control of motor speed and the change of pump performance curve are mainly realized by changing the frequency of inverter to the frequency of power supply to adjust the working condition of a single pump. Through the deep analysis of the energy consumption diagram of the horizontal working condition, it can be found that the constant pressure of the water supply system should be realized by frequency conversion speed regulation, and the flow rate is proportional to the speed of the pump when the speed of the pump is reduced. The power of the system is reduced to the third power of the rotational speed. Compared with the traditional way of water supply, the energy loss of the constant pressure system is less than that of the traditional way of water supply, so the energy can be saved. In the control system of this paper, the programming software used in this paper is mainly STEPMicro Win platform of Simens Company of Germany. The PID control for pressure control in water supply system is designed in detail. The PID controller is built into PLC in design. Through the controller, the deviation between the given pressure value and the measured value can be processed, the output voltage and frequency of the inverter can be controlled in real time, and the flow rate of the pump outlet can be adjusted by changing the speed of the pump motor. Thus, the automatic adjustment of pipe network pressure is realized, and the network pressure is stabilized near the preset value. In addition, the PLC platform is systematically analyzed and designed according to the design specifications of the software engineering theory, and the specific functional requirements of the software are formulated. On this basis, the framework and interface of the whole system are designed. Through the actual operation and debugging of the whole system, the automatic control of the water supply process can be realized, and on this basis, the energy consumption can be effectively reduced, thus ensuring the operation of the water supply system in the best running state. The system has the characteristics of convenient installation and maintenance, stable operation, reliable, complete function, friendly man-machine interface and convenient use.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU991

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