【摘要】：作為游牧文明的傳承者之一，蒙古人及其文化的根源可以從柔然、鮮卑一直追溯到東胡、匈奴，以至于更早的狩獵氏族。因而蒙古族建筑的發(fā)展史也反映了蒙古高原文明從狩獵轉(zhuǎn)向游牧，再從游牧走向定居的歷史進(jìn)程。由于國內(nèi)學(xué)界對蒙古族建筑的研究甚少，對該過程亦缺乏一定的認(rèn)識，所以本文將從蒙古高原文明變遷的角度出發(fā)，對蒙古族建筑的歷史脈絡(luò)進(jìn)行梳理；并基于系統(tǒng)的歷史研究，對9世紀(jì)以來蒙古人長期使用的各類建筑及其漢、蒙語稱謂進(jìn)行科學(xué)的考證與分類；以便建構(gòu)起蒙古族建筑的譜系學(xué)與類型學(xué)體系。 特定的生活方式創(chuàng)造特定的文明形態(tài)，也塑造不同的居住方式。蒙古人從狩獵到定居化時代，先后將“穴居”、“棚屋”、“帳幕”和“類帳幕”作為自己居住的場所。在這一歷史過程中，蒙古族建筑經(jīng)歷了或說經(jīng)歷著兩次轉(zhuǎn)型。第一次始于公元9世紀(jì)左右，“棚屋”被“帳幕”所取代；它標(biāo)志著蒙古人從狩獵走向游牧?xí)r代。第二次則始于16世紀(jì)下半葉并一直延續(xù)至今，，“帳幕”逐漸被“類帳幕”（土木）建筑所替代；這次則是蒙古人從游牧轉(zhuǎn)向定居生活方式的體現(xiàn)。 隨著全球化時代的到來，當(dāng)代蒙古族建筑同樣面臨著傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代之間的矛盾。在這樣的歷史背景下，若要延續(xù)并發(fā)展蒙古族建筑的獨(dú)特性，進(jìn)而為人類現(xiàn)代建筑文明的生態(tài)多樣化做出些許貢獻(xiàn)，就勢必對其譜系脈絡(luò)與類型范式進(jìn)行深入研究。也只有經(jīng)過反復(fù)的回歸之旅、從新認(rèn)清并根系傳統(tǒng)，才能夠使當(dāng)代蒙古族建筑孕育出具有其自身屬性的現(xiàn)代性。本文最終的指向正是蒙古族建筑的這種當(dāng)代意義。
[Abstract]:As one of the inheritors of nomadic civilization, the Mongols and their cultural roots can be traced back to Donghu, Xianbei, and even earlier hunting clan. Therefore, the history of Mongolian architecture also reflects the historical process of Mongolian plateau civilization from hunting to nomadic, then from nomadic to settled. Due to the lack of research on Mongolian architecture and the lack of understanding of the process, this paper will sort out the historical context of Mongolian architecture from the perspective of the change of Mongolian plateau civilization. Based on the systematic historical study, this paper makes a scientific textual research and classification of all kinds of buildings used by Mongolians since the 9th century and their Chinese and Mongolian appellations, in order to construct the genealogical and typological systems of Mongolian architecture. A particular way of life creates a particular form of civilization and shapes different ways of living. From hunting to settling, the Mongols used cave dwelling, shack house, tabernacle and tabernacle as their living place. In this historical process, Mongolian architecture experienced or experienced two transformations. First started around the 9th century AD, the shack was replaced by the tabernacle; it marked the Mongolians' transition from hunting to nomadic times. The second one, which began in the second half of the 16th century and continues to this day, is gradually replaced by "tabernacle" (civil) architecture; this time it is the embodiment of Mongolians' transition from nomadic to sedentary way of life. With the advent of globalization, contemporary Mongolian architecture also faces the contradiction between tradition and modernity. In such a historical background, if we want to continue and develop the uniqueness of Mongolian architecture, and then make some contributions to the ecological diversity of human modern architectural civilization, it is bound to further study its lineage and type paradigm. Only through the repeated return journey, new understanding and root tradition, can contemporary Mongolian architecture breed modernity with its own attributes. The ultimate point of this paper is the contemporary significance of Mongolian architecture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU-092.8

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