【摘要】：中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)制冷站能耗高、問題多，是大型公共建筑節(jié)能工作的重點(diǎn)。既有的節(jié)能診斷方法多從具體的改造措施出發(fā)，缺少對制冷站能耗問題的系統(tǒng)分析、全景審視與定量刻畫，造成節(jié)能診斷過度依賴專家經(jīng)驗(yàn)，成本高、可重復(fù)性差，且難以完成長期監(jiān)測。為此，本文研究提出分層次刻畫制冷站能耗與效率問題的指標(biāo)體系。 論文首先對制冷站中冷量制備與輸配鏈上各環(huán)節(jié)的能效損失進(jìn)行分析。制冷站分為冷機(jī)、冷卻水輸配系統(tǒng)、冷卻塔系統(tǒng)、冷凍水輸配系統(tǒng)等四個(gè)子系統(tǒng)，子系統(tǒng)的能耗彼此耦合。本文給出每個(gè)子系統(tǒng)的能效“最優(yōu)”狀態(tài)，并將實(shí)際能效與最優(yōu)能效的差距從物理層面逐一分解，提出制冷站實(shí)際能效的五級損失，包括二十個(gè)具體問題。 在冷量傳遞鏈能效損失分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本文提出制冷站的層次化指標(biāo)體系，從不同維度對制冷站的能效問題進(jìn)行定量評價(jià)。第一級指標(biāo)反映制冷站的總體能效，第二級指標(biāo)反映四個(gè)子系統(tǒng)的能效。通過前兩級指標(biāo)，可宏觀把握制冷站的能效水平，初步評估制冷站的節(jié)能潛力。第三級指標(biāo)旨在尋找并準(zhǔn)確定位影響制冷站能耗的問題。 基于制冷站層次化指標(biāo)體系，本文提出制冷站的流程化節(jié)能診斷方法，共分五個(gè)步驟。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的數(shù)據(jù)收集，基于能效指標(biāo)的初步判斷，設(shè)備建模，問題指標(biāo)計(jì)算，診斷結(jié)論與改造建議。該方法將專家經(jīng)驗(yàn)融合于指標(biāo)系統(tǒng)中，實(shí)現(xiàn)診斷過程的流程化和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，，易于學(xué)習(xí)和復(fù)制。本文以一個(gè)實(shí)際冷站的診斷過程為例，詳細(xì)介紹了此方法。 除節(jié)能診斷外，層次化指標(biāo)體系在制冷站全生命周期建設(shè)與運(yùn)行管理中可廣泛應(yīng)用。對于既有建筑，可應(yīng)用指標(biāo)體系實(shí)現(xiàn)精細(xì)化的運(yùn)行管理。對于新建建筑，指標(biāo)體系構(gòu)建了運(yùn)行環(huán)節(jié)與設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)節(jié)之間的橋梁，使得運(yùn)行環(huán)節(jié)中普遍存在的問題得以及時(shí)反饋至設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)節(jié)，并可對施工、調(diào)試與驗(yàn)收等全過程關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)實(shí)施定量管理與質(zhì)量控制，提升整體質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:The central air-conditioning system refrigeration station energy consumption is high, the question is many, is the large-scale public building energy-saving work the focal point. Most of the existing energy saving diagnosis methods are based on specific renovation measures, lacking of systematic analysis of energy consumption in refrigeration stations, panoramic examination and quantitative characterization, resulting in excessive reliance on expert experience, high cost and poor repeatability in energy saving diagnosis. And it is difficult to complete long-term monitoring. Therefore, a hierarchical index system is proposed to describe energy consumption and efficiency of refrigeration stations. In this paper, the energy efficiency loss of each link in the intermediate cooling capacity preparation and distribution chain of refrigeration station is analyzed. The refrigeration station is divided into four subsystems: cooling machine, cooling water transmission and distribution system, cooling tower system and refrigerated water transmission and distribution system. The energy consumption of the subsystems is coupled with each other. In this paper, the "optimal" state of energy efficiency of each subsystem is given, and the gap between actual energy efficiency and optimal energy efficiency is decomposed from the physical level one by one, and the five-level loss of actual energy efficiency of refrigeration stations is proposed, including 20 specific problems. Based on the analysis of energy efficiency loss of cooling transfer chain, the hierarchical index system of refrigeration station is put forward in this paper, and the energy efficiency of refrigeration station is evaluated quantitatively from different dimensions. The first index reflects the overall energy efficiency of the refrigeration station and the second level reflects the energy efficiency of the four subsystems. The energy efficiency level of refrigeration station can be grasped macroscopically and the energy saving potential of refrigeration station can be preliminarily evaluated through the first two indexes. The third index aims to find and accurately locate the problems that affect the energy consumption of refrigeration stations. Based on the hierarchical index system of refrigeration station, this paper puts forward the diagnosis method of flow energy saving of refrigeration station, which is divided into five steps. Standardized data collection, preliminary judgment based on energy efficiency index, equipment modeling, problem index calculation, diagnosis conclusion and modification suggestion. In this method, expert experience is integrated into the index system to realize the process of diagnosis and standardization, which is easy to learn and copy. This paper introduces this method in detail, taking the diagnosis process of a practical cold station as an example. Besides energy saving diagnosis, hierarchical index system can be widely used in the whole life cycle construction and operation management of refrigeration station. For the existing buildings, the index system can be applied to achieve fine operation management. For the new building, the index system constructs the bridge between the running link and the design link, so that the common problems in the operation link can be fed back to the design link in time, and the construction can be carried out. Carry out quantitative management and quality control during the whole process, such as debugging and acceptance, to improve the overall quality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU831

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