【摘要】：城市化改變了場地的下墊面條件，進而改變了天然狀態(tài)下的水文機制，導(dǎo)致水環(huán)境惡化、內(nèi)澇風(fēng)險加劇、徑流污染嚴(yán)重、雨水資源流失等問題凸現(xiàn)。傳統(tǒng)的雨水排放模式已不能滿足目前城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需求，以“近自然、多功能”為核心理念的降雨徑流最佳管理措施（Best Management Practices，BMPs）和城市低影響開發(fā)（Low ImpactDevelopment，LID）正展現(xiàn)出優(yōu)勢。針對目前我國在雨水管理措施設(shè)計上的欠缺，我們需要借鑒國外的先進理念和實踐經(jīng)驗，結(jié)合國內(nèi)城市發(fā)展的詳實情況，完善、細(xì)化和系統(tǒng)化現(xiàn)有的雨水管理體系，并以實際案例進行試點研究。 LID是以維持或恢復(fù)場地天然狀態(tài)下的水文機制為目標(biāo)，而有效控制城市降雨徑流和保護生態(tài)環(huán)境。研究LID措施的設(shè)計并模擬其效能，對解決我國城市洪澇災(zāi)害和生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，促進和維護場地水文過程的良性循環(huán)具有重要的理論意義和實用價值。 本研究以目前我國初具雛形的雨水管理措施設(shè)計模式為大綱，以兩個核心——雨洪模型和LID措施為基礎(chǔ)，以北京建筑大學(xué)西城校區(qū)為研究區(qū)域，進行LID措施的設(shè)計及效能的模擬研究。 首先，建立研究區(qū)域的現(xiàn)狀模型，初選LID措施，定量識別所選措施的截污減排效能、經(jīng)濟效能和利用效益，并進行量化評價，并建立效能識別方法和評價體系。①在區(qū)域調(diào)研、典型LID措施參數(shù)整理、氣象數(shù)據(jù)收集、水質(zhì)水量實測等基礎(chǔ)上，采用SWMM建立西城校區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀模型，并進行率定和驗證；②初選適合西城校區(qū)的LID措施，，利用所建模型模擬所選LID措施的水質(zhì)水量削減效果，并采用層次分析法定量識別所選LID措施的截污減排效能；③總結(jié)所選LID措施的基建費和管理維護費，結(jié)合措施設(shè)計規(guī)模分析所選LID措施的成本投資，定性總結(jié)LID措施的運行效果，并采用ahp定量識別所選LID措施的經(jīng)濟效能；④總結(jié)所選LID措施的利用效益，并采用ahp定量識別；⑤采用加權(quán)求和法量化評價所選LID措施的綜合效能；⑥以截污減排效能、經(jīng)濟效能和利用效益為基礎(chǔ)，建立LID措施的效能識別方法和綜合效能的評價體系。 然后，設(shè)計LID措施的建造方案，并進行方案評價，建立方案評價體系。①選擇綜合效能值高的LID措施進行方案設(shè)計；②采用SWMM模擬各種設(shè)計方案的截污減排效能；③根據(jù)所選LID措施識別后的效能值，推算設(shè)計方案的經(jīng)濟效能和利用效益；④采用線性歸一化模型計算各種設(shè)計方案的綜合效能；⑤建立設(shè)計方案的評價體系。 其次，以深圳市光明新區(qū)低影響開發(fā)雨水綜合利用示范區(qū)為案例研究區(qū)，旨在驗證建立的效能識別方法、效能評價體系和方案優(yōu)化體系的適用性，并為示范區(qū)設(shè)計出成本-效益最優(yōu)化方案，推動LID先進理念的應(yīng)用和普及。主要工作包括：①調(diào)研示范區(qū)，建立現(xiàn)狀模型，并結(jié)合示范區(qū)場地條件、示范項目考核指標(biāo)和LID措施的使用特征初選LID措施；②利用建立的效能識別方法識別所選LID措施的效能，其中的截污減排效能采用Mike-Urban模擬得出；③利用建立的綜合效能的評價體系分析所選LID措施的效能，并量化評價；④選擇綜合效能值高的LID措施進行方案設(shè)計，并利用建立的方案評價體系優(yōu)化設(shè)計方案；⑤根據(jù)評價結(jié)果，給出成本-效益最優(yōu)化方案和最經(jīng)濟適用的方案；⑥分析示范區(qū)設(shè)計了LID方案后帶來的環(huán)境效益、經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。 最后，進行歸納和總結(jié)。①比較傳統(tǒng)開發(fā)模式和LID模式的效能；②比較LID模式優(yōu)化前后的效能；③研究LID措施對不同降雨特征的響應(yīng)情況。 本研究在學(xué)習(xí)和吸收國外先進LID雨水管理措施的基礎(chǔ)上，深入研究了LID措施的設(shè)計，并在效能模擬的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了實用性較強的效能識別方法、效能評價體系和方案優(yōu)化體系。本研究完善了我國城市雨水管理體系，研究結(jié)果對解決我國城市化進程中的雨水管理問題具有理論意義和實用價值。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the demand of sustainable development in our country , we need to learn from the advanced ideas and practical experiences from abroad , perfect , refine and systematize the existing rainwater management system , and carry out the pilot study with practical cases .

In order to maintain or restore the hydrological regime in the natural state of the site and to effectively control the urban rainfall runoff and protect the ecological environment , this paper studies the design of the lid measures and simulates its effectiveness . It has important theoretical significance and practical value to solve the problems of flood and waterlogging and ecological environment in our country , promote and maintain the virtuous circle of the field hydrological process .

Based on two core _ rain - flood models and lid measures , this study is based on two core _ rain - flood models and lid measures , and studies the design and effectiveness of the lid measures based on the west - city campus of Beijing Architecture University .

First , establish the current model of the research area , select the lid measure , quantitatively identify the cut - off emission reduction efficiency , economic efficiency and utilization benefit of the selected measures , carry out quantitative evaluation , and establish the efficiency identification method and the evaluation system .
( 2 ) selecting suitable lid measures suitable for the west city campus area , simulating the water quality water quantity reduction effect of the selected lid measures by using the built model , and using the analytic hierarchy process to quantitatively identify the cut - off emission reduction efficiency of the selected lid measures ;
( 3 ) To sum up the capital construction fee and management maintenance fee of the selected lid measure , analyze the cost investment of the selected lid measures by combining the design scale of the measures , and qualitatively summarize the operation effect of the lid measure , and adopt ahp to quantitatively identify the economic performance of the selected lid measures ;
( 4 ) summarizing the utilization benefit of the selected lid measures , and using ahp quantitative identification ;
( 5 ) carrying out quantitative evaluation on the comprehensive performance of the selected lid measures by adopting a weighted summation method ;
( 6 ) To establish the efficiency identification method and comprehensive performance evaluation system based on the efficiency , economic efficiency and utilization benefit of pollution reduction and emission reduction .

Then , the scheme of scheme evaluation is designed , and the scheme evaluation system is established .
( 2 ) adopting SWMM to simulate the pollution reduction and emission reduction performance of various design schemes ;
( 3 ) calculating the economic efficiency and the utilization benefit of the design scheme according to the performance value identified by the selected lid measure ;
( 4 ) adopting a linear normalization model to calculate the comprehensive performance of various design schemes ;
( 5 ) Establish the evaluation system of the design scheme .

Secondly , based on the low - impact development rainwater comprehensive utilization demonstration area of Shenzhen Guangming New Area as the case study area , it is designed to verify the applicability of the established efficiency identification method , the efficiency evaluation system and the scheme optimization system , and design the cost - benefit optimization scheme for the demonstration area to promote the application and popularization of the advanced idea of the lid . The main work includes : ( 1 ) the research demonstration area , the establishment of the current situation model , and the combination of the demonstration area site conditions , the demonstration project appraisal index and the use characteristic of the lid measures ;
( 2 ) using the established performance identification method to identify the effectiveness of the selected lid measures , wherein the sewage interception and emission reduction efficiency is calculated by Mike - Urban simulation ;
( 3 ) analyzing the effectiveness of the selected lid measures by utilizing the established comprehensive performance evaluation system , and quantifying the evaluation ;
( 4 ) selecting the lid measures with high comprehensive performance value to design the scheme , and utilizing the established scheme evaluation system to optimize the design scheme ;
( 5 ) Based on the evaluation results , the cost - benefit optimization scheme and the most economical scheme are given ;
6 . The environmental benefits , economic benefits and social benefits brought about by the design of the lid scheme in the demonstration area are analyzed .

Finally , summarize and sum up . ( 1 ) Compare the traditional development mode and the efficiency of lid mode ;
( 2 ) comparing the efficiency before and after the optimization of the lid mode ;
( 3 ) To study the response of lid measures to different rainfall characteristics .

On the basis of studying and absorbing the management measures of advanced lid rain water in foreign countries , the paper further studies the design of lid measures , and based on the performance simulation , establishes a strong practicability recognition method , a performance evaluation system and a scheme optimization system . The research has improved the urban rainwater management system in China . The research results have theoretical significance and practical value for solving the problem of rainwater management in China ' s urbanization process .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU992;TV213.9

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王雯雯;趙智杰;秦華鵬;;基于SWMM的低沖擊開發(fā)模式水文效應(yīng)模擬評估[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2012年02期

2 侯愛中;唐莉華;張思聰;;下凹式綠地和蓄水池對城市型洪水的影響[J];北京水務(wù);2007年02期

3 施為光;城市降雨徑流長期污染負(fù)荷模型的探討[J];城市環(huán)境與城市生態(tài);1993年02期

4 李俊奇,車伍;城市雨水問題與可持續(xù)發(fā)展對策[J];城市環(huán)境與城市生態(tài);2005年04期

5 岑國平,詹道江,洪嘉年;城市雨水管道計算模型[J];中國給水排水;1993年01期

6 趙劍強,閆敏,劉珊,張志杰;城市路面徑流污染的調(diào)查[J];中國給水排水;2001年01期

7 徐速;陳吉寧;曾思育;倪福勛;;城市排水系統(tǒng)的集成化模擬研究[J];中國給水排水;2006年15期

8 譚瓊;李田;馮滄;林莉峰;周永潮;;居住小區(qū)雨水優(yōu)化管理方法的效果評價[J];中國給水排水;2007年19期

9 董蕾;車伍;李海燕;李俊奇;何建平;汪宏玲;孟光輝;;我國部分城市的雨水利用規(guī)劃現(xiàn)狀及存在問題[J];中國給水排水;2007年22期

10 晉存田;趙樹旗;閆肖麗;周玉文;;透水磚和下凹式綠地對城市雨洪的影響[J];中國給水排水;2010年01期

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 趙彩萍;荊肖軍;李艷紅;賈素珍;李亞軍;;城市暴雨內(nèi)澇預(yù)報研究[A];中國氣象學(xué)會2008年年會城市氣象與城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展分會場論文集[C];2008年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 孫艷偉;城市化和低影響發(fā)展的生態(tài)水文效應(yīng)研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 韓嬌;城市降雨徑流面源污染水質(zhì)水量動態(tài)模型研究[D];華南理工大學(xué);2011年

2 白薇;城市洪水風(fēng)險分析及基于GIS的洪水淹沒范圍模擬方法研究[D];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2001年

3 張勝杰;北京市某住宅小區(qū)雨洪管理措施模擬研究[D];北京建筑工程學(xué)院;2012年

4 戶園凌;低影響開發(fā)雨水系統(tǒng)綜合效益的分析研究[D];北京建筑工程學(xué)院;2012年

5 傅新忠;SWMM在城市雨洪模擬中的應(yīng)用研究[D];浙江師范大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：2138759