發(fā)布時間：2018-07-12 12:07

  本文選題：排水系統(tǒng) + 廢氣��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：城市生活排水系統(tǒng)主要由化糞池、輸送管道、各類檢查井、泵站和污水處理廠等單元組成,是城市的一項基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,為城市的正常運轉(zhuǎn)提供了重要支撐。它作為城市生活污水收集、輸送和處理系統(tǒng)的同時,也成為一個巨大的生化反應(yīng)系統(tǒng),其間產(chǎn)生的CH4、H2S等廢氣一直威脅著市政工人的正常作業(yè)和生命,影響著城市居民生活和健康。這些有毒、有害氣體的監(jiān)測和控制已引起政府和公眾的關(guān)注。國外在這方面的研究工作起步較早,國內(nèi)則對污水處理廠廢氣的研究較多,而對收集和輸送系統(tǒng)廢氣的研究很少,尤其是產(chǎn)排污系數(shù)方面的研究尚屬空白。本論文以昆明城市生活污水排放系統(tǒng)中化糞池和各種檢查井廢氣產(chǎn)生與排放為主要研究對象,結(jié)合課題組提供的廣州、蘭州城市生活排水系統(tǒng)廢氣產(chǎn)排放系數(shù),開展了以下研究工作： (1)在文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研、專家咨詢和初步實測的基礎(chǔ)上,確定城市生活排水系統(tǒng)廢氣的特征污染因子,通過開展城市生活排水系統(tǒng)廢氣產(chǎn)生、排放規(guī)律研究,系統(tǒng)分析城市生活污水排放系統(tǒng)廢氣的組成及其影響因素； (2)通過實驗室模擬研究,獲取分功能區(qū)城市生活污水在不同條件下的污染物降解和廢氣產(chǎn)生量數(shù)據(jù),采用模型分析工具軟件等手段,研究其動力學(xué)規(guī)律； (3)采用現(xiàn)場實測與實驗室模擬相結(jié)合的研究方法,初步建立基于可獲取統(tǒng)計量(如居民人口、生活污水排水量、城市生活排水管線長度或單位污染負(fù)荷等)的城市生活排水系統(tǒng)廢氣產(chǎn)排放系數(shù),構(gòu)建特征廢氣排放量核算方法,初步估算主要廢氣污染指標(biāo)的排放量。 通過對昆明城市生活污水排水系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場實測和開展模擬實驗,研究排水系統(tǒng)廢氣產(chǎn)生、排放規(guī)律,測算城市生活污水排水系統(tǒng)中特征廢氣的產(chǎn)排污量,主要得出以下結(jié)論： (1)特征廢氣的產(chǎn)排具有時段性,體現(xiàn)在一天之內(nèi)的用水高峰時段和低峰時段,也體現(xiàn)在一周之內(nèi)工作日和非工作日的區(qū)別：在用水高峰時段,各種特征廢氣的產(chǎn)排量要明顯高于用水低峰時段；降雨對合流制排水系統(tǒng)中特征廢氣的產(chǎn)排具有較大影響,而對分流制排水系統(tǒng)無影響；排水系統(tǒng)中跌水井內(nèi)因污水紊流程度較高,有利于廢氣從液相到氣相的擴(kuò)散,導(dǎo)致排水系統(tǒng)中廢氣的產(chǎn)排量增大。 (2)城市生活排水系統(tǒng)的廢氣產(chǎn)生與排放單元主要集中在化糞池和各種檢查井,尤以化糞池的產(chǎn)生和排放占主要比例,一般在檢查井(包括沉沙井、沉泥井和跌水井等)中只能監(jiān)測到H2S和C02氣體,而化糞池能監(jiān)測到H2S、CO2和CH4,化糞池和檢查井相比,其厭氧程度要高,化糞池中C02濃度高于檢查井,這是因為污水在化糞池停留時間一般為12-24h,停留時間長有利于污水有機(jī)物的厭氧降解反應(yīng)和提高廢氣累積量,化糞池底部由于長期淤積,會沉積大量的底泥,有利于CH4氣體的產(chǎn)生。 (3)各個功能區(qū)由于水質(zhì)水量不同導(dǎo)致各區(qū)排水系統(tǒng)特征廢氣的產(chǎn)排有所差異,餐飲區(qū)污水中COD濃度要明顯高于其他三個功能區(qū),餐飲區(qū)H2S和C02氣體的排放速率要高于居民區(qū)。 (4)通過模擬實驗得出影響生活污水在排水系統(tǒng)中生化反應(yīng)產(chǎn)氣的主要因素有水力停留時間(Hydraulic Retention Time, HRT)、有機(jī)物濃度、pH值和水溫；影響其排放進(jìn)入城市大氣環(huán)境的主要因素則是水力湍流程度；排水體制對廢氣的產(chǎn)排影響主要體現(xiàn)在合流制排水系統(tǒng)在雨季時因管道充滿度的增大而使氣體排放量增大。 (5)根據(jù)居民生活污水模擬實驗結(jié)果,得出污水中COD降解和CH4產(chǎn)量之間的關(guān)系,并用一級動力學(xué)方程獲得底物的降解系數(shù)常數(shù)為KH=0.0164h-1,擬合方程為-1n(X0/Xt)=0.0164t-0.21；pH為6.9時,CH4的最終濃度最大為5.80g/m3；溫度為25℃時,居民生活污水CH4的最終濃度9.18g/m3。 (6)對比研究城市生活污水排水系統(tǒng)CH4的產(chǎn)排系數(shù)與IPCC清單指南中的建議值可以發(fā)現(xiàn),由IPCC指南提供的CH4的最大產(chǎn)生系數(shù)為0.25gCH4/gCOD,化糞池CH4排污系數(shù)為0.125gCH4/gCOD。此產(chǎn)污系數(shù)是蘭州產(chǎn)污系數(shù)的3.6倍,排污系數(shù)是蘭州產(chǎn)污系數(shù)的10.7倍；IPCC提供的CH4排污系數(shù)是昆明化糞池排污系數(shù)的43倍,是廣州化糞池排污系數(shù)的33倍。估算昆明市排水系統(tǒng)中2011年產(chǎn)生的H2S氣體產(chǎn)生量為7.96t/a,排放量為1.46t/a,排放率為18.30%,CH4氣體產(chǎn)生量為109.52t/a,排放量為44.63t/a,排放率為40.74%,C02氣體產(chǎn)生量為957.69t/a,排放量為300.13t/a,排放率為31.00%。 本論文的研究成果不僅提供了昆明市城市生活排水系統(tǒng)廢氣的產(chǎn)排污系數(shù),而且實證了IPCC清單指南中給出的城市廢水處理CH4排放系數(shù)建議值偏大,為城市溫室氣體核算提供了基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),具有重要意義。本論文部分研究成果已經(jīng)在昆明市排水系統(tǒng)管理中得到了應(yīng)用,對國內(nèi)其他城市生活污水排水系統(tǒng)廢氣產(chǎn)排污系數(shù)核算研究和廢氣控制具有較好的指導(dǎo)和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Urban living drainage system is mainly composed of septic tank, pipeline, all kinds of inspection wells, pumping stations and sewage treatment plants. It is a basic infrastructure of the city. It provides important support for the normal operation of the city. It is also a huge biochemical reaction system as the municipal sewage collection, transportation and processing system. The waste gases, such as CH4 and H2S, have been threatening the normal operation and life of municipal workers, affecting the life and health of urban residents. The monitoring and control of these toxic and harmful gases have attracted the attention of the government and the public. In this paper, the production and discharge of waste gas from the septic tank and various inspection wells in Kunming municipal sewage discharge system are mainly studied in this paper, and the emission coefficient of exhaust gas production of urban living drainage system in Guangzhou and Lanzhou is combined with the project group. The following research work has been carried out:
(1) on the basis of literature survey, expert consultation and preliminary measurement, the characteristic pollution factors of urban living drainage system waste gas are determined, and the emission rules of urban living drainage system waste gas are studied, and the formation of waste gas in urban sewage discharge system and its influencing factors are systematically analyzed.
(2) through the laboratory simulation study, the data of pollutant degradation and waste gas production of municipal sewage in the functional area under different conditions are obtained, and the dynamics law of the sewage is studied by means of the model analysis tool software.
(3) using the method of combining field measurement and laboratory simulation, the number of exhaust emissions of urban living drainage system based on the acquisition of Statistics (such as population, sewage drainage, length of urban life and drainage pipeline length or unit pollution load) is set up, and the calculation method of characteristic exhaust emission is constructed, and the preliminary estimate of the principal is made. The emission of the exhaust pollution index.
Through the field measurement and simulation experiment of Kunming municipal sewage drainage system, the production and discharge laws of the waste gas in the drainage system are studied, and the quantity of the characteristic waste gas in the urban sewage drainage system is calculated. The following conclusions are drawn.
(1) the production and discharge of the characteristic exhaust gas has a period of time, which is reflected in the peak period of water use and the low peak period within one day. It also reflects the difference between the working day and the non working day in one week. In the peak period of water use, the output of various characteristics of the exhaust gas is obviously higher than that of the low peak period of water. The drainage system has great influence, but has no influence on the drainage system. In the drainage well, the level of the sewage flow is high, which is beneficial to the diffusion of the waste gas from the liquid to the gas phase, which leads to the increase of the discharge of the exhaust gas in the drainage system.
(2) the waste generation and emission units of urban living drainage systems are mainly concentrated in septic tanks and various inspection wells, especially in the production and discharge of septic tanks. In general, the H2S and C02 gas bodies can only be monitored in the inspection wells (including sanded wells, slime wells and plunge wells, etc.), and septic tanks can monitor H2S, CO2 and CH4, septic tanks and inspection. Compared with the well, its anaerobic degree is higher, the concentration of C02 in the septic tank is higher than that of the inspection well, which is because the waste water in the septic tank is generally 12-24h. The long residence time is beneficial to the anaerobic degradation reaction of the sewage organic matter and the increase of the waste gas accumulation. The sediment will deposit a large amount of sediment in the bottom of the septic tank, which is beneficial to the production of CH4 gas.
(3) due to the different water quality and water in each functional area, the discharge of the exhaust gas of the drainage system in each district is different. The concentration of COD in the wastewater in the catering area is obviously higher than that of the other three functional areas, and the discharge rate of the H2S and C02 gas in the catering area is higher than that in the residential area.
(4) through the simulation experiments, the main factors affecting the biochemical reaction of domestic sewage in the drainage system are the hydraulic retention time (Hydraulic Retention Time, HRT), the concentration of organic matter, the pH value and the water temperature, and the main factors affecting the discharge into the urban atmosphere are the degree of hydraulic turbulence, and the influence of the drainage system on the production and discharge of the exhaust gas. This is mainly reflected in the increase of gas emission in the combined sewer system due to the increase of pipeline fullness in the rainy season.
(5) according to the simulation experiment results of domestic sewage, the relationship between COD degradation and CH4 production in sewage is obtained. The degradation coefficient constant of substrate is KH=0.0164h-1 and the fitting equation is -1n (X0/Xt) =0.0164t-0.21 with the first order kinetic equation; when pH is 6.9, the maximum final concentration of CH4 is 5.80g/m3, and the resident living pollution is 25 degrees C. The final concentration of water CH4 9.18g/m3.
(6) a comparative study of the production and discharge coefficient of CH4 in urban sewage drainage system and the recommended values in the IPCC list guide can be found that the maximum production coefficient of CH4 provided by the IPCC guide is 0.25gCH4/gCOD, and the septic tank CH4 emission coefficient is 0.125gCH4/gCOD., the pollution factor is 3.6 times of the pollution factor of Lanzhou, and the pollutant discharge coefficient is 10 of the pollution factor of Lanzhou. The CH4 discharge coefficient of the IPCC is 43 times the discharge coefficient of Kunming septic tank and 33 times the sewage discharge coefficient of the septic tank in Kunming. It is estimated that the production of H2S gas produced in the drainage system in 2011 is 7.96t/a, the emission is 1.46t/a, the emission rate is 18.30%, the CH4 gas production is 109.52t/a, the emission amount is 44.63t/a, the emission rate is 40.74%, C02 gas production is 957.69t/a, emission is 300.13t/a, and emission rate is 31.00%.
The research results of this paper not only provide the sewage discharge coefficient of urban living drainage system in Kunming, but also show that the proposed value of the CH4 emission coefficient of urban wastewater treatment in the IPCC list guide is rather large, which provides basic data for the accounting of urban greenhouse gas. The management of municipal drainage system has been applied, which has good guidance and reference for the research of waste gas production and pollution control and exhaust control in other domestic sewage drainage systems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X701;TU992

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本文編號：2117102